Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer
BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) primarily comprises cancer cells, cancer-infiltrating immune cells, and stromal cells. The tumor cells alter the TME by secreting signaling molecules to induce immune tolerance. The immune cell infiltrating the TME influences the prognosis of patients with...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001297/full |
| _version_ | 1797957580201394176 |
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| author | Wei Wu Xin’an Wang Wei Le Chang Lu Haopeng Li Yaru Zhu Xi Chen Wenbin An Chengdang Xu Qiang Wu Licheng Wang |
| author_facet | Wei Wu Xin’an Wang Wei Le Chang Lu Haopeng Li Yaru Zhu Xi Chen Wenbin An Chengdang Xu Qiang Wu Licheng Wang |
| author_sort | Wei Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) primarily comprises cancer cells, cancer-infiltrating immune cells, and stromal cells. The tumor cells alter the TME by secreting signaling molecules to induce immune tolerance. The immune cell infiltrating the TME influences the prognosis of patients with cancers. However, immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the TME of patients with prostate cancer (PC) has not yet been studied.MethodsIn this study, we used Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms to identify three ICI clusters based on 1,099 genes associated with ICI in the TME. The patients were classified into three distinct ICI gene clusters based on overlapping differentially expressed genes in ICI clusters. Furthermore, the ICI scores were calculated using principal component analysis.ResultsThe results revealed that patients with high ICI scores had poor prognoses and reduced expression of immune-checkpoint genes and immune-related genes. Furthermore, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and WNT-β signaling pathways were enriched in the high ICI score subgroup, which suggests that suppression of T cells could contribute to poor prognosis of patients with PC. A positive correlation was observed between the high-ICI-score subgroup and the high tumor mutation burden (TMB) value. Patients with low ICI scores could benefit from immunotherapy, indicating that the ICI score could be used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapeutic response.ConclusionsIn summary, we provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of ICI in PC, which could aid in designing the strategies for immunotherapy for patients with PC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:07:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d109e1e2e1d488889b48d04f3e7abc4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:07:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d109e1e2e1d488889b48d04f3e7abc42023-01-09T10:18:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10012971001297Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancerWei Wu0Xin’an Wang1Wei Le2Chang Lu3Haopeng Li4Yaru Zhu5Xi Chen6Wenbin An7Chengdang Xu8Qiang Wu9Licheng Wang10Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaOrgan Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Department of Organ Transplantation, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) primarily comprises cancer cells, cancer-infiltrating immune cells, and stromal cells. The tumor cells alter the TME by secreting signaling molecules to induce immune tolerance. The immune cell infiltrating the TME influences the prognosis of patients with cancers. However, immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the TME of patients with prostate cancer (PC) has not yet been studied.MethodsIn this study, we used Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms to identify three ICI clusters based on 1,099 genes associated with ICI in the TME. The patients were classified into three distinct ICI gene clusters based on overlapping differentially expressed genes in ICI clusters. Furthermore, the ICI scores were calculated using principal component analysis.ResultsThe results revealed that patients with high ICI scores had poor prognoses and reduced expression of immune-checkpoint genes and immune-related genes. Furthermore, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and WNT-β signaling pathways were enriched in the high ICI score subgroup, which suggests that suppression of T cells could contribute to poor prognosis of patients with PC. A positive correlation was observed between the high-ICI-score subgroup and the high tumor mutation burden (TMB) value. Patients with low ICI scores could benefit from immunotherapy, indicating that the ICI score could be used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapeutic response.ConclusionsIn summary, we provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of ICI in PC, which could aid in designing the strategies for immunotherapy for patients with PC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001297/fullprostate cancerimmune cell infiltrationtumor microenvironmentimmune checkpointtumor mutation burden |
| spellingShingle | Wei Wu Xin’an Wang Wei Le Chang Lu Haopeng Li Yaru Zhu Xi Chen Wenbin An Chengdang Xu Qiang Wu Licheng Wang Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer Frontiers in Immunology prostate cancer immune cell infiltration tumor microenvironment immune checkpoint tumor mutation burden |
| title | Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| title_full | Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| title_fullStr | Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| title_short | Immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune-related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| title_sort | immune microenvironment infiltration landscape and immune related subtypes in prostate cancer |
| topic | prostate cancer immune cell infiltration tumor microenvironment immune checkpoint tumor mutation burden |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001297/full |
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