Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro
Abstract Background To investigate the effect of a rotary agitation method or ultrasonically activated irrigation on the antibiofilm effect of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, HEBP) using a dual-species biofilm model in root canal syste...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1 |
| _version_ | 1818206608020209664 |
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| author | Ming Cai Yanling Cai Ruiqi Yang Zhezhen Xu Prasanna Neelakantan Xi Wei |
| author_facet | Ming Cai Yanling Cai Ruiqi Yang Zhezhen Xu Prasanna Neelakantan Xi Wei |
| author_sort | Ming Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To investigate the effect of a rotary agitation method or ultrasonically activated irrigation on the antibiofilm effect of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, HEBP) using a dual-species biofilm model in root canal system. Methods Mature dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were formed in root canals of mandibular premolars. Teeth were randomly allotted (n = 12) to group 1, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); group 2, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); group 3, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI). In all groups, canals were instrumented with a rotary instrument (XP-endo Shaper) prior to irrigant agitation/activation. A mixture containing 2.5% NaOCl and 9% HEBP was used throughout the experiment. Bacterial counts from the canal were determined using qPCR before preparation (S1), after preparation (S2), and after final irrigation agitation/activation (S3). Bacterial viability within the dentinal tubules in the coronal, middle and apical root-thirds was quantified using confocal microscopy after Live/Dead staining. The bacterial counts and viability were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests. Paired t-test was used to compare the bacterial counts within groups. Results Instrumentation alone could significantly reduce the microbial counts in all the groups (P < 0.0001). Subsequent agitation/activation resulted in significant microbial reduction only in XPF and UAI (P < 0.05), both of which reduced significantly more microbial counts than SNI (P < 0.05). Live/Dead staining revealed that XPF and UAI showed significantly greater percentage of dead bacteria within the dentinal tubules than SNI in the coronal third (P < 0.05); UAI resulted in the significantly highest percentage of dead bacteria in the middle third (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference between the groups in the apical third (P > 0.05). Conclusions When using the sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture for irrigation, final irrigant agitation/activation with XP-endo Finisher or ultrasonic can improve disinfection of the main root canal space and the dentinal tubules in the coronal third, while ultrasonically activated irrigation appears to exhibit better disinfection within dentinal tubules in the middle third. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:15:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d113882bc1e4a0c951990f4a22286de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:15:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d113882bc1e4a0c951990f4a22286de2022-12-22T00:38:27ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312022-05-012211910.1186/s12903-022-02222-1Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitroMing Cai0Yanling Cai1Ruiqi Yang2Zhezhen Xu3Prasanna Neelakantan4Xi Wei5Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDiscipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental HospitalDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityAbstract Background To investigate the effect of a rotary agitation method or ultrasonically activated irrigation on the antibiofilm effect of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, HEBP) using a dual-species biofilm model in root canal system. Methods Mature dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were formed in root canals of mandibular premolars. Teeth were randomly allotted (n = 12) to group 1, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); group 2, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); group 3, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI). In all groups, canals were instrumented with a rotary instrument (XP-endo Shaper) prior to irrigant agitation/activation. A mixture containing 2.5% NaOCl and 9% HEBP was used throughout the experiment. Bacterial counts from the canal were determined using qPCR before preparation (S1), after preparation (S2), and after final irrigation agitation/activation (S3). Bacterial viability within the dentinal tubules in the coronal, middle and apical root-thirds was quantified using confocal microscopy after Live/Dead staining. The bacterial counts and viability were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests. Paired t-test was used to compare the bacterial counts within groups. Results Instrumentation alone could significantly reduce the microbial counts in all the groups (P < 0.0001). Subsequent agitation/activation resulted in significant microbial reduction only in XPF and UAI (P < 0.05), both of which reduced significantly more microbial counts than SNI (P < 0.05). Live/Dead staining revealed that XPF and UAI showed significantly greater percentage of dead bacteria within the dentinal tubules than SNI in the coronal third (P < 0.05); UAI resulted in the significantly highest percentage of dead bacteria in the middle third (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference between the groups in the apical third (P > 0.05). Conclusions When using the sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture for irrigation, final irrigant agitation/activation with XP-endo Finisher or ultrasonic can improve disinfection of the main root canal space and the dentinal tubules in the coronal third, while ultrasonically activated irrigation appears to exhibit better disinfection within dentinal tubules in the middle third.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1BiofilmEtidronateDisinfectionSodium hypochloriteUltrasonically activated irrigationXP-endo Finisher |
| spellingShingle | Ming Cai Yanling Cai Ruiqi Yang Zhezhen Xu Prasanna Neelakantan Xi Wei Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro BMC Oral Health Biofilm Etidronate Disinfection Sodium hypochlorite Ultrasonically activated irrigation XP-endo Finisher |
| title | Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro |
| title_full | Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro |
| title_short | Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro |
| title_sort | impact of agitation activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite etidronate mixture in vitro |
| topic | Biofilm Etidronate Disinfection Sodium hypochlorite Ultrasonically activated irrigation XP-endo Finisher |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1 |
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