Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish
Reciprocal relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain and various sleep disturbances are well established. The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3) is a concise, valid, and reliable patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that directly evaluates how sleep is affected by chro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4887 |
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| author | Jani Mikkonen Ville Leinonen Hannu Luomajoki Diego Kaski Saana Kupari Mika Tarvainen Tuomas Selander Olavi Airaksinen |
| author_facet | Jani Mikkonen Ville Leinonen Hannu Luomajoki Diego Kaski Saana Kupari Mika Tarvainen Tuomas Selander Olavi Airaksinen |
| author_sort | Jani Mikkonen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reciprocal relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain and various sleep disturbances are well established. The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3) is a concise, valid, and reliable patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that directly evaluates how sleep is affected by chronic low back pain (CLBP). Translation and cross-cultural validation of The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index Finnish version (PSQ-3-FI) were conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain-free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our aims were to evaluate internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity and, furthermore, to study the relationships between dizziness, postural control on a force plate, and objective sleep quality metrics and total PSQ-3-FI score. The PSQ-3-FI demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability, and small measurement error. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed acceptable fit indices to a one-factor model. Convergent validity indicated fair to good correlation with pain history and well-established pain-related PROMs. The PSQ-3-FI total score successfully distinguished between the groups with no pain, single-site pain, and multisite pain. A higher prevalence of dizziness, more impaired postural control, and a general trend towards poorer sleep quality were observed among subjects with higher PSQ-3-FI scores. Postural control instability was more evident in eyes-open tests. The Finnish PSQ-3 translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated. The PSQ-3-FI appears to be a valid and reliable PROM for the Finnish-speaking CLBP population. More widespread implementation of PSQ-3 would lead to better understanding of the direct effects of pain on sleep. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:59:26Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:59:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d18051052294e0d8f0519ecdc4df0ef2023-11-22T21:04:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-10-011021488710.3390/jcm10214887Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in FinnishJani Mikkonen0Ville Leinonen1Hannu Luomajoki2Diego Kaski3Saana Kupari4Mika Tarvainen5Tuomas Selander6Olavi Airaksinen7Private Practice, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandZHAW School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8401 Winterthur, SwitzerlandDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandScience Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Surgery (Incl. Physiatry), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandReciprocal relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain and various sleep disturbances are well established. The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3) is a concise, valid, and reliable patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that directly evaluates how sleep is affected by chronic low back pain (CLBP). Translation and cross-cultural validation of The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index Finnish version (PSQ-3-FI) were conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain-free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our aims were to evaluate internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity and, furthermore, to study the relationships between dizziness, postural control on a force plate, and objective sleep quality metrics and total PSQ-3-FI score. The PSQ-3-FI demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability, and small measurement error. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed acceptable fit indices to a one-factor model. Convergent validity indicated fair to good correlation with pain history and well-established pain-related PROMs. The PSQ-3-FI total score successfully distinguished between the groups with no pain, single-site pain, and multisite pain. A higher prevalence of dizziness, more impaired postural control, and a general trend towards poorer sleep quality were observed among subjects with higher PSQ-3-FI scores. Postural control instability was more evident in eyes-open tests. The Finnish PSQ-3 translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated. The PSQ-3-FI appears to be a valid and reliable PROM for the Finnish-speaking CLBP population. More widespread implementation of PSQ-3 would lead to better understanding of the direct effects of pain on sleep.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4887painchronic low back painsleepquestionnairecross-cultural validationpatient-reported outcome measure |
| spellingShingle | Jani Mikkonen Ville Leinonen Hannu Luomajoki Diego Kaski Saana Kupari Mika Tarvainen Tuomas Selander Olavi Airaksinen Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish Journal of Clinical Medicine pain chronic low back pain sleep questionnaire cross-cultural validation patient-reported outcome measure |
| title | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish |
| title_full | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish |
| title_fullStr | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish |
| title_short | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish |
| title_sort | cross cultural adaptation reliability and psychophysical validation of the pain and sleep questionnaire three item index in finnish |
| topic | pain chronic low back pain sleep questionnaire cross-cultural validation patient-reported outcome measure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4887 |
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