The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java
Background and Aim: Swamp buffaloes play an important role in the rural economy of Indonesia. They consume various forages during their grazing time, including those with anti-parasitic potential. However, the information about the type and quality of forages and their potential as a natural anthelm...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/July-2023/16.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797755394316042240 |
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| author | Fadjar Satrija Nanis Nurhidayah Dewi Apri Astuti Elok Budi Retnani Sri Murtini |
| author_facet | Fadjar Satrija Nanis Nurhidayah Dewi Apri Astuti Elok Budi Retnani Sri Murtini |
| author_sort | Fadjar Satrija |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Swamp buffaloes play an important role in the rural economy of Indonesia. They consume various forages during their grazing time, including those with anti-parasitic potential. However, the information about the type and quality of forages and their potential as a natural anthelmintic for swamp buffalo is very limited. This study aimed to identify the diversity, quality, and anthelmintic potency of forages consumed by swamp buffaloes reared in Bantarkawung Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: Samples of forages were obtained during three observation periods of the study, with a 12-week interval between each period. Forage diversity was evaluated by identifying its consumption by swamp buffaloes during their grazing activity in the field and feeding time in their shed. The quality of forages was analyzed using proximate analysis to measure their dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFat), and ash contents. This is followed by the calculation of their total digestible nutrient based on the proximate analysis results. Botanical composition analysis was then conducted to measure the predominance of forages consumed by the livestock during their grazing activity. Literature reviews were carried out to explore forage’s anthelmintic activity.
Results: The results showed that swamp buffaloes consume nine species of forage in the shed and 47 in the grazing area, including nine legumes, 18 grass, and 20 others. Swamp buffaloes consumed forages of lower quality, which contained high CF contents and varying levels of other nutrients below their daily nutritional needs. The grazing activity allowed swamp buffaloes to consume a higher variety of forages with better nutritional quality, thereby enabling them to meet their nutritional needs. Legumes and other forages served as the major protein sources, providing CP of 20.03% DM and 11.53% DM, and CF levels of 17.01% DM and 20.35% DM, respectively. The results also showed that the consumption of these forages increased during the rainy season. The predominant species of legumes consumed were Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia spp., while Alternanthera sessilis and Merremia umbellata were the predominant species of other forages. A total of 13 of the 47 species could potentially be used as natural anthelmintic due to their secondary metabolites, namely, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, diterpenoid, and mimosine. These compounds exert anthelmintic effects by inhibiting egg-hatching and larval development, as well as damaging the surface structure of both larvae and adult worms, ultimately leading to the death of the parasites.
Conclusion: Overall, swamp buffaloes consumed more variety of forages during grazing compared to when they were kept in sheds. While the low-variety and low-quality forages provisioned for swamp buffaloes in their shed resulted in a low nutrient intake below their daily requirement. Furthermore, daily grazing activities allowed swamp buffaloes to fulfill and supplement their need by consuming a variety of grasses, legumes, and other forages in their respective grazing areas. Some of these forages also have the potential to become natural anthelmintic because they contain secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, diterpenoids, and mimosine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:46:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d1a6c1c24084a319c56890f6c66dc19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:46:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d1a6c1c24084a319c56890f6c66dc192023-08-03T14:01:40ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162023-07-011671496150410.14202/vetworld.2023.1496-1504The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central JavaFadjar Satrija0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-5862Nanis Nurhidayah1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-281XDewi Apri Astuti2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-9304Elok Budi Retnani3https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9754-6815Sri Murtini4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8735Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Swamp buffaloes play an important role in the rural economy of Indonesia. They consume various forages during their grazing time, including those with anti-parasitic potential. However, the information about the type and quality of forages and their potential as a natural anthelmintic for swamp buffalo is very limited. This study aimed to identify the diversity, quality, and anthelmintic potency of forages consumed by swamp buffaloes reared in Bantarkawung Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Samples of forages were obtained during three observation periods of the study, with a 12-week interval between each period. Forage diversity was evaluated by identifying its consumption by swamp buffaloes during their grazing activity in the field and feeding time in their shed. The quality of forages was analyzed using proximate analysis to measure their dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFat), and ash contents. This is followed by the calculation of their total digestible nutrient based on the proximate analysis results. Botanical composition analysis was then conducted to measure the predominance of forages consumed by the livestock during their grazing activity. Literature reviews were carried out to explore forage’s anthelmintic activity. Results: The results showed that swamp buffaloes consume nine species of forage in the shed and 47 in the grazing area, including nine legumes, 18 grass, and 20 others. Swamp buffaloes consumed forages of lower quality, which contained high CF contents and varying levels of other nutrients below their daily nutritional needs. The grazing activity allowed swamp buffaloes to consume a higher variety of forages with better nutritional quality, thereby enabling them to meet their nutritional needs. Legumes and other forages served as the major protein sources, providing CP of 20.03% DM and 11.53% DM, and CF levels of 17.01% DM and 20.35% DM, respectively. The results also showed that the consumption of these forages increased during the rainy season. The predominant species of legumes consumed were Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia spp., while Alternanthera sessilis and Merremia umbellata were the predominant species of other forages. A total of 13 of the 47 species could potentially be used as natural anthelmintic due to their secondary metabolites, namely, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, diterpenoid, and mimosine. These compounds exert anthelmintic effects by inhibiting egg-hatching and larval development, as well as damaging the surface structure of both larvae and adult worms, ultimately leading to the death of the parasites. Conclusion: Overall, swamp buffaloes consumed more variety of forages during grazing compared to when they were kept in sheds. While the low-variety and low-quality forages provisioned for swamp buffaloes in their shed resulted in a low nutrient intake below their daily requirement. Furthermore, daily grazing activities allowed swamp buffaloes to fulfill and supplement their need by consuming a variety of grasses, legumes, and other forages in their respective grazing areas. Some of these forages also have the potential to become natural anthelmintic because they contain secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, diterpenoids, and mimosine.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/July-2023/16.pdfforagesherbal anthelminticsindonesianutritionpastoralswamp buffalo |
| spellingShingle | Fadjar Satrija Nanis Nurhidayah Dewi Apri Astuti Elok Budi Retnani Sri Murtini The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java Veterinary World forages herbal anthelmintics indonesia nutrition pastoral swamp buffalo |
| title | The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java |
| title_full | The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java |
| title_fullStr | The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java |
| title_full_unstemmed | The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java |
| title_short | The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java |
| title_sort | diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in brebes district central java |
| topic | forages herbal anthelmintics indonesia nutrition pastoral swamp buffalo |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/July-2023/16.pdf |
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