Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from...

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Main Authors: Vanitha Mariappan, Kumutha Malar Vellasamy, Muttiah Barathan, A. S. Smiline Girija, Esaki M. Shankar, Jamuna Vadivelu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719/full
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author Vanitha Mariappan
Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
Muttiah Barathan
A. S. Smiline Girija
Esaki M. Shankar
Jamuna Vadivelu
author_facet Vanitha Mariappan
Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
Muttiah Barathan
A. S. Smiline Girija
Esaki M. Shankar
Jamuna Vadivelu
author_sort Vanitha Mariappan
collection DOAJ
description Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from acute to chronic involving one or more visceral organs leading to septic shock, especially in individuals with underlying conditions similar to COVID-19. Pathogenesis is attributed to the intracellular ability of the bacterium to ‘step into’ the host cell’s cytoplasm from the endocytotic vacuole, where it appears to polymerize actin filaments to spread across cells in the closer vicinity. B. pseudomallei effectively evades the host’s surveillance armory to remain latent for prolonged duration also causing relapses despite antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, eradication of intracellular B. pseudomallei is highly dependent on robust cellular immune responses. However, it remains ambiguous why certain individuals in endemic areas experience asymptomatic seroconversion, whereas others succumb to sepsis-associated sequelae. Here, we propose key insights on how the host’s surveillance radars get commandeered by B. pseudomallei.
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spelling doaj.art-1d22f5eae24f403a83752de33a6a5d5d2022-12-21T20:13:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-08-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.718719718719Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomalleiVanitha Mariappan0Kumutha Malar Vellasamy1Muttiah Barathan2A. S. Smiline Girija3Esaki M. Shankar4Jamuna Vadivelu5Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, IndiaInfection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, IndiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBurkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from acute to chronic involving one or more visceral organs leading to septic shock, especially in individuals with underlying conditions similar to COVID-19. Pathogenesis is attributed to the intracellular ability of the bacterium to ‘step into’ the host cell’s cytoplasm from the endocytotic vacuole, where it appears to polymerize actin filaments to spread across cells in the closer vicinity. B. pseudomallei effectively evades the host’s surveillance armory to remain latent for prolonged duration also causing relapses despite antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, eradication of intracellular B. pseudomallei is highly dependent on robust cellular immune responses. However, it remains ambiguous why certain individuals in endemic areas experience asymptomatic seroconversion, whereas others succumb to sepsis-associated sequelae. Here, we propose key insights on how the host’s surveillance radars get commandeered by B. pseudomallei.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719/fullBurkholderia pseudomalleiimmunologymelioidosispathogenesisvirulence
spellingShingle Vanitha Mariappan
Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
Muttiah Barathan
A. S. Smiline Girija
Esaki M. Shankar
Jamuna Vadivelu
Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
Frontiers in Immunology
Burkholderia pseudomallei
immunology
melioidosis
pathogenesis
virulence
title Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
title_full Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
title_fullStr Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
title_full_unstemmed Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
title_short Hijacking of the Host’s Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei
title_sort hijacking of the host s immune surveillance radars by burkholderia pseudomallei
topic Burkholderia pseudomallei
immunology
melioidosis
pathogenesis
virulence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719/full
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