Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundThe success of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation in real-life remains limited, with a significant number of long-term relapses. Despite first promising results, the duration of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes is still unknown. Our objective was to assess the duration of th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915946/full |
| _version_ | 1811221579933155328 |
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| author | Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Audrey Bonneau Shérazade Kinouani Palina Dzeraviashka Philippe Castera Marc Besnier Philippe Binder Nicolas Doux Nematollah Jaafari Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier |
| author_facet | Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Audrey Bonneau Shérazade Kinouani Palina Dzeraviashka Philippe Castera Marc Besnier Philippe Binder Nicolas Doux Nematollah Jaafari Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier |
| author_sort | Paul Vanderkam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe success of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation in real-life remains limited, with a significant number of long-term relapses. Despite first promising results, the duration of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes is still unknown. Our objective was to assess the duration of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction in daily smokers.MethodsThe databases EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov and PUBMED were consulted until March 23, 2022. We selected only randomized controlled trials with daily adult smokers. The intervention was the nicotinic electronic cigarette vs. non-nicotine electronic cigarette or other validated pharmacotherapies (varenicline, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy). The minimum duration of the intervention was 3 months, with a follow-up of at least 6 months. Two independent reviewers used the PRISMA guidelines. The primary endpoint was smoking cessation at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods confirmed by a reduction in expired CO < 10 ppm. The reduction was defined as at least 50% of the initial consumption or by a decrease of daily mean cigarette consumption at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods.ResultsAbstinence at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods was significantly higher in the nicotine electronic cigarette group, compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) [respectively: RR: 1.37 (CI 95%: 1.32–2.93) and RR: 1.49 (CI 95%: 1.14–1.95)] and to the non-nicotine electronic cigarette condition [respectively: RR: 1.97 (CI 95%: 1.18–2.68) and RR: 1.66 (CI 95%: 1.01–2.73)]. With regard to smoking reduction, the electronic cigarette with nicotine is significantly more effective than NRT at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods [respectively RR: 1.48 (CI 95%: 1.04–2.10) and RR: 1.47 (CI 95%: 1.18–1.82)] and non-nicotine electronic cigarette in the long term [RR: 1.31 (CI 95%: 1.02–1.68)].ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows the duration of the effectiveness of the nicotine electronic cigarette vs. non-nicotine electronic cigarette and NRT on smoking cessation and reduction. There are still uncertainties about the risks of its long-term use and its potential role as a gateway into smoking, particularly among young people. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:01:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d23441793bf49cbae8f2332184fad77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:01:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d23441793bf49cbae8f2332184fad772022-12-22T03:41:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-08-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.915946915946Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysisPaul Vanderkam0Paul Vanderkam1Paul Vanderkam2Audrey Bonneau3Shérazade Kinouani4Palina Dzeraviashka5Philippe Castera6Marc Besnier7Philippe Binder8Nicolas Doux9Nematollah Jaafari10Claire Lafay-Chebassier11Claire Lafay-Chebassier12Claire Lafay-Chebassier13INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceClinic Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, FranceDepartment of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceDepartment of General Practice, Poitiers, FranceBordeaux Population Health Research Center, Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Team HEALTHY, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, FranceDepartment of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceDepartment of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceDepartment of General Practice, Poitiers, FranceDepartment of General Practice, Poitiers, FranceService Commun de Documentation, Bibliothèque Universitaire de Médecine et de Pharmacie, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceClinic Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, FranceINSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, FranceINSERM, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1402, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceBackgroundThe success of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation in real-life remains limited, with a significant number of long-term relapses. Despite first promising results, the duration of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes is still unknown. Our objective was to assess the duration of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction in daily smokers.MethodsThe databases EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov and PUBMED were consulted until March 23, 2022. We selected only randomized controlled trials with daily adult smokers. The intervention was the nicotinic electronic cigarette vs. non-nicotine electronic cigarette or other validated pharmacotherapies (varenicline, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy). The minimum duration of the intervention was 3 months, with a follow-up of at least 6 months. Two independent reviewers used the PRISMA guidelines. The primary endpoint was smoking cessation at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods confirmed by a reduction in expired CO < 10 ppm. The reduction was defined as at least 50% of the initial consumption or by a decrease of daily mean cigarette consumption at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods.ResultsAbstinence at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods was significantly higher in the nicotine electronic cigarette group, compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) [respectively: RR: 1.37 (CI 95%: 1.32–2.93) and RR: 1.49 (CI 95%: 1.14–1.95)] and to the non-nicotine electronic cigarette condition [respectively: RR: 1.97 (CI 95%: 1.18–2.68) and RR: 1.66 (CI 95%: 1.01–2.73)]. With regard to smoking reduction, the electronic cigarette with nicotine is significantly more effective than NRT at the end of the intervention and follow-up periods [respectively RR: 1.48 (CI 95%: 1.04–2.10) and RR: 1.47 (CI 95%: 1.18–1.82)] and non-nicotine electronic cigarette in the long term [RR: 1.31 (CI 95%: 1.02–1.68)].ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows the duration of the effectiveness of the nicotine electronic cigarette vs. non-nicotine electronic cigarette and NRT on smoking cessation and reduction. There are still uncertainties about the risks of its long-term use and its potential role as a gateway into smoking, particularly among young people.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915946/fullelectronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes)smoking cessationsmoking reductionserious adverse effectsElectronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) |
| spellingShingle | Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Paul Vanderkam Audrey Bonneau Shérazade Kinouani Palina Dzeraviashka Philippe Castera Marc Besnier Philippe Binder Nicolas Doux Nematollah Jaafari Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier Claire Lafay-Chebassier Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Psychiatry electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) smoking cessation smoking reduction serious adverse effects Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) |
| title | Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | duration of the effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and reduction systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) smoking cessation smoking reduction serious adverse effects Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915946/full |
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