Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China
The long-lasting application of representative herbicide atrazine (ATR) has given rise to the accumulation of its residues in the groundwater. To investigate the impact of long-term ATR use on groundwater safety, the residues of ATR and its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (D...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2013-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913602294 |
| _version_ | 1818865452797919232 |
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| author | Yue GENG Jing MA Ran JIA Li-qin XUE Chuan-jiang TAO Chong-jiu LI Xiao-dong MA Yan LIN |
| author_facet | Yue GENG Jing MA Ran JIA Li-qin XUE Chuan-jiang TAO Chong-jiu LI Xiao-dong MA Yan LIN |
| author_sort | Yue GENG |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The long-lasting application of representative herbicide atrazine (ATR) has given rise to the accumulation of its residues in the groundwater. To investigate the impact of long-term ATR use on groundwater safety, the residues of ATR and its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) were monitored in groundwater and top soil at the major corn growing region of Qian'an and Gongzhuling in Jilin Province, China. The residues of the target compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LODs) of ATR, DEA, DIA, and HA were 0.5, 0.5, 5, and 0.5 ng L−1 in groundwater and 0.33, 0.33, 3.3, and 0.33 μg kg−1 in soil. The target compounds were found in 94% of groundwater samples and 100% of soil samples. The compounds detected most frequently in groundwater were ATR (89%), DEA (64%) and HA (17%), whereas in soil were ATR (97%), DEA (36%) and HA (97%). DIA was not detected in any determined groundwater and soil sample. Average residues were 106.8 ng L−1 for ATR, 0.9 ng L−1 for DEA and 0.3 ng L−1 for HA in groundwater, whereas 11.1 μg kg−1 for ATR, 0.4 μg kg−1 for DEA and 7.8 μg kg−1 for HA in soil. ATR residues detected in groundwater samples were below standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006, 2 μg L−1), while the total residues of ATR and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites (DEA and DIA) were below current WHO (World Health Organization) guideline value (GV, 0.1 mg L−1). In addition, concentrations of HA in groundwater were determined below current WHO GV (0.2 mg L−1). The results indicated that ATR is safe to be used in Jilin Province under the current application scheme. However, total residues of ATR and DEA were detected in nearly all wells, thus, it is necessary to pay attention on groundwater monitoring for ATR and its metabolites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:47:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d293512700a470a8f74ee26bca0daf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:47:47Z |
| publishDate | 2013-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d293512700a470a8f74ee26bca0daf42022-12-21T20:25:09ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192013-02-01122305313Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, ChinaYue GENG0Jing MA1Ran JIA2Li-qin XUE3Chuan-jiang TAO4Chong-jiu LI5Xiao-dong MA6Yan LIN7College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; GENG Yue, Tel: +86-10-62733084College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaCollege of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaCollege of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaInstitute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, P.R. ChinaCollege of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaCollege of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaCollege of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; Correspondence LIN Yan, Tel/Fax: +86-10-62733084The long-lasting application of representative herbicide atrazine (ATR) has given rise to the accumulation of its residues in the groundwater. To investigate the impact of long-term ATR use on groundwater safety, the residues of ATR and its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) were monitored in groundwater and top soil at the major corn growing region of Qian'an and Gongzhuling in Jilin Province, China. The residues of the target compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LODs) of ATR, DEA, DIA, and HA were 0.5, 0.5, 5, and 0.5 ng L−1 in groundwater and 0.33, 0.33, 3.3, and 0.33 μg kg−1 in soil. The target compounds were found in 94% of groundwater samples and 100% of soil samples. The compounds detected most frequently in groundwater were ATR (89%), DEA (64%) and HA (17%), whereas in soil were ATR (97%), DEA (36%) and HA (97%). DIA was not detected in any determined groundwater and soil sample. Average residues were 106.8 ng L−1 for ATR, 0.9 ng L−1 for DEA and 0.3 ng L−1 for HA in groundwater, whereas 11.1 μg kg−1 for ATR, 0.4 μg kg−1 for DEA and 7.8 μg kg−1 for HA in soil. ATR residues detected in groundwater samples were below standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006, 2 μg L−1), while the total residues of ATR and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites (DEA and DIA) were below current WHO (World Health Organization) guideline value (GV, 0.1 mg L−1). In addition, concentrations of HA in groundwater were determined below current WHO GV (0.2 mg L−1). The results indicated that ATR is safe to be used in Jilin Province under the current application scheme. However, total residues of ATR and DEA were detected in nearly all wells, thus, it is necessary to pay attention on groundwater monitoring for ATR and its metabolites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913602294atrazinedesethylatrazinedeisopropylatrazinehydroxyatrazinegroundwatersoil |
| spellingShingle | Yue GENG Jing MA Ran JIA Li-qin XUE Chuan-jiang TAO Chong-jiu LI Xiao-dong MA Yan LIN Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China Journal of Integrative Agriculture atrazine desethylatrazine deisopropylatrazine hydroxyatrazine groundwater soil |
| title | Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China |
| title_full | Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China |
| title_short | Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China |
| title_sort | impact of long term atrazine use on groundwater safety in jilin province china |
| topic | atrazine desethylatrazine deisopropylatrazine hydroxyatrazine groundwater soil |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913602294 |
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