Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i>
Ginseng is regarded as the “king of herbs” in China, with its roots and rhizomes used as medicine, and it has a high medicinal value. In order to meet the market demand, the artificial cultivation of ginseng emerged, but different growth environments significantly affect the root morphology of garde...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5590 |
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| author | Meng Zhang Yingxin Sun Ping Di Mei Han Limin Yang |
| author_facet | Meng Zhang Yingxin Sun Ping Di Mei Han Limin Yang |
| author_sort | Meng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginseng is regarded as the “king of herbs” in China, with its roots and rhizomes used as medicine, and it has a high medicinal value. In order to meet the market demand, the artificial cultivation of ginseng emerged, but different growth environments significantly affect the root morphology of garden ginseng. In this study, we used ginseng cultivated in deforested land (CF-CG) and ginseng cultivated in farmland (F-CG) as experimental materials. These two phenotypes were explored at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels so as to understand the regulatory mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng. The results show that, compared with those of F-CG, the thickness of the main roots in CF-CG was increased by 70.5%, and the fresh weight of the taproots was increased by 305.4%. Sucrose, fructose and ginsenoside were significantly accumulated in CF-CG. During the enlargement of the taproots of CF-CG, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, while genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. Auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid synergistically regulated the enlargement of the taproots of the garden ginseng. In addition, as a sugar signaling molecule, T6P might act on the auxin synthesis gene <i>ALDH2</i> to promote the synthesis of auxin and, thus, participate in the growth and development of garden ginseng roots. In summary, our study is conducive to clarifying the molecular regulation mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng, and it provides new insights for the further exploration of the morphogenesis of ginseng roots. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:47Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:47Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d30211e7f784b4bbb75496b44ad30c12023-11-17T11:36:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246559010.3390/ijms24065590Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i>Meng Zhang0Yingxin Sun1Ping Di2Mei Han3Limin Yang4Co-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCo-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCo-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCo-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCo-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaGinseng is regarded as the “king of herbs” in China, with its roots and rhizomes used as medicine, and it has a high medicinal value. In order to meet the market demand, the artificial cultivation of ginseng emerged, but different growth environments significantly affect the root morphology of garden ginseng. In this study, we used ginseng cultivated in deforested land (CF-CG) and ginseng cultivated in farmland (F-CG) as experimental materials. These two phenotypes were explored at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels so as to understand the regulatory mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng. The results show that, compared with those of F-CG, the thickness of the main roots in CF-CG was increased by 70.5%, and the fresh weight of the taproots was increased by 305.4%. Sucrose, fructose and ginsenoside were significantly accumulated in CF-CG. During the enlargement of the taproots of CF-CG, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, while genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. Auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid synergistically regulated the enlargement of the taproots of the garden ginseng. In addition, as a sugar signaling molecule, T6P might act on the auxin synthesis gene <i>ALDH2</i> to promote the synthesis of auxin and, thus, participate in the growth and development of garden ginseng roots. In summary, our study is conducive to clarifying the molecular regulation mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng, and it provides new insights for the further exploration of the morphogenesis of ginseng roots.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5590garden ginsengtaproot enlargementglycometabolismplant hormone lignin |
| spellingShingle | Meng Zhang Yingxin Sun Ping Di Mei Han Limin Yang Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences garden ginseng taproot enlargement glycometabolism plant hormone lignin |
| title | Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_full | Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_fullStr | Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_short | Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_sort | combining metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the regulatory mechanism of taproot enlargement in i panax ginseng i |
| topic | garden ginseng taproot enlargement glycometabolism plant hormone lignin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5590 |
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