Classification of Ventriculomegaly and its Associated Findings using Antenatal Ultrasound Scan at a Tertiary Care Hospital: Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Descriptive Study
Introduction: Foetal Ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as the enlargement of the lateral ventricles in the developing foetal brain. The measurement of foetal cerebral lateral ventricles’ size is routinely recommended as part of the second-trimester foetal scan to screen for anomalies. VM can occu...
Main Authors: | , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2023-12-01
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Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18863/66345_CE[Ra1]_F(SL)_QC&Ref(KK_SL)_PF1(VD_DK_OM)_PFA(VD_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
Summary: | Introduction: Foetal Ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as the
enlargement of the lateral ventricles in the developing foetal
brain. The measurement of foetal cerebral lateral ventricles’ size
is routinely recommended as part of the second-trimester foetal
scan to screen for anomalies. VM can occur due to obstruction
of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) tract, absorption disorders,
inadequate brain development, or excessive CSF production.
Aim: To classify VM based on severity to differentiate between
isolated and non isolated VM.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was
conducted in the Department of Radiology at PESIMSR, Andhra
Pradesh, India., a tertiary medical hospital, from April 2018 to
April 2021. Cases were selected from computer records showing
a diagnosis of hydrocephalus or foetal VM in patients who
underwent the Ultrasound (US) anomaly scan. VM was defined
as a lateral ventricle width of ≥10 mm. Foetal VM was classified,
and associated CNS and extracranial abnormalities and their
details were collected. Descriptive statistics were used, and
results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentage.
Results: The VM was observed in 91 foetuses, with mild VM
in 59 foetuses (64%), moderate VM in 14 foetuses (15.2%),
and severe VM in 18 foetuses (19.5%). The median age at
diagnosis was 26.5 weeks. Isolated mild VM was seen in 26
cases (44%), and it was associated with other abnormalities in
33 cases (56%). Isolated moderate VM was observed in four
cases (28.5%), while 10 cases (71.4%) were associated with
other abnormalities. Isolated severe VM was seen in (33.3%) 6,
and it was associated with abnormalities in 12 cases (66.6%).
The most common associated abnormalities were foetal growth
restriction (15 cases), absent cavum septum pellucidum (eight
cases), and open spina bifida, Arnold-Chiari malformation
(eight cases).
Conclusion: Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for detecting VM.
Once VM is diagnosed, a detailed examination of the fetus
should be conducted to evaluate other CNS and non CNS
anomalies, thereby differentiating isolated from non-isolated
VM, as the prognosis may vary. This information will be valuable
for counseling patients. |
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ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |