Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire
Traditional heat transfer analysis has been adopted to predict the damage in a tunnel under fire without considering the effect of concrete spalling, which leads to underestimation of the fire damage of concrete. However, accounting for the spalling effect of concrete under high temperature in an an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3131 |
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| author | Rujia Qiao Yinbo Guo Hang Zhou Huihui Xi |
| author_facet | Rujia Qiao Yinbo Guo Hang Zhou Huihui Xi |
| author_sort | Rujia Qiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditional heat transfer analysis has been adopted to predict the damage in a tunnel under fire without considering the effect of concrete spalling, which leads to underestimation of the fire damage of concrete. However, accounting for the spalling effect of concrete under high temperature in an analytical heat transfer model is difficult because of the complexity of the spalling mechanism. This study aims to establish an analytical model to estimate the influence of concrete spalling on the fire-damage depth prediction. To overcome this challenge, first, a series of fire tests were conducted in a unidirectional heating system. The spalling phenomenon and spalling characteristics were observed. Based on the experimental test results, the moisture content of concrete is one of the key factors of spalling. Obvious layered spalling characteristics of concrete samples without drying could be observed under the unidirectional heat conduction system. The critical temperature of spalling is 600 °C, and the thickness of the spalling layer is 2 cm~2.5 cm. These two parameters are critical spalling conditions. Second, a multilayer model for the heat transfer analysis considering the spalling effect of tunnel lining under fire was proposed. By using Laplace transform and the series solving method for ordinary differential equations, the time-dependent temperature and stress fields of concrete lining during tunnel fire could be obtained, which are the basis of damage evolution. The analytical results agreed with the experimental data. The spalling depth of tunnel lining related to the temperature rise of tunnel fire could be predicted by using the proposed analytical model. The results of this research can be used to provide a better damage evaluation of tunnel lining under fire. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d3999c7ee04492193256b4160c05e84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d3999c7ee04492193256b4160c05e842023-11-23T08:38:39ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-04-01159313110.3390/ma15093131Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to FireRujia Qiao0Yinbo Guo1Hang Zhou2Huihui Xi3School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaTraditional heat transfer analysis has been adopted to predict the damage in a tunnel under fire without considering the effect of concrete spalling, which leads to underestimation of the fire damage of concrete. However, accounting for the spalling effect of concrete under high temperature in an analytical heat transfer model is difficult because of the complexity of the spalling mechanism. This study aims to establish an analytical model to estimate the influence of concrete spalling on the fire-damage depth prediction. To overcome this challenge, first, a series of fire tests were conducted in a unidirectional heating system. The spalling phenomenon and spalling characteristics were observed. Based on the experimental test results, the moisture content of concrete is one of the key factors of spalling. Obvious layered spalling characteristics of concrete samples without drying could be observed under the unidirectional heat conduction system. The critical temperature of spalling is 600 °C, and the thickness of the spalling layer is 2 cm~2.5 cm. These two parameters are critical spalling conditions. Second, a multilayer model for the heat transfer analysis considering the spalling effect of tunnel lining under fire was proposed. By using Laplace transform and the series solving method for ordinary differential equations, the time-dependent temperature and stress fields of concrete lining during tunnel fire could be obtained, which are the basis of damage evolution. The analytical results agreed with the experimental data. The spalling depth of tunnel lining related to the temperature rise of tunnel fire could be predicted by using the proposed analytical model. The results of this research can be used to provide a better damage evaluation of tunnel lining under fire.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3131explosive spallingconcrete liningtunnel firemultilayer modelspalling depth prediction |
| spellingShingle | Rujia Qiao Yinbo Guo Hang Zhou Huihui Xi Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire Materials explosive spalling concrete lining tunnel fire multilayer model spalling depth prediction |
| title | Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire |
| title_full | Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire |
| title_fullStr | Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire |
| title_short | Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire |
| title_sort | explosive spalling mechanism and modeling of concrete lining exposed to fire |
| topic | explosive spalling concrete lining tunnel fire multilayer model spalling depth prediction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3131 |
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