Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows
ABSTRACT: The causes of variation in the milk mineral profile of dairy cattle during the first phase of lactation were studied under the hypothesis that the milk mineral profile partially reflects the animals' metabolic status. Correlations between the minerals and the main milk constituents (i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223004010 |
| _version_ | 1797741454242611200 |
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| author | Alessandro Toscano Diana Giannuzzi Sara Pegolo Alice Vanzin Vittoria Bisutti Luigi Gallo Erminio Trevisi Alessio Cecchinato Stefano Schiavon |
| author_facet | Alessandro Toscano Diana Giannuzzi Sara Pegolo Alice Vanzin Vittoria Bisutti Luigi Gallo Erminio Trevisi Alessio Cecchinato Stefano Schiavon |
| author_sort | Alessandro Toscano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The causes of variation in the milk mineral profile of dairy cattle during the first phase of lactation were studied under the hypothesis that the milk mineral profile partially reflects the animals' metabolic status. Correlations between the minerals and the main milk constituents (i.e., protein, fat, and lactose percentages), and their associations with the cows' metabolic status indicators were explored. The metabolic status indicators (MET) that we used were blood energy-protein metabolites [nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and urea], and liver ultrasound measurements (predicted triacylglycerol liver content, portal vein area, portal vein diameter and liver depth). Milk and blood samples, and ultrasound measurements were taken from 295 Holstein cows belonging to 2 herds and in the first 120 d in milk (DIM). Milk mineral contents were determined by ICP-OES; these were considered the response variable and analyzed through a mixed model which included DIM, parity, milk yield, and MET as fixed effects, and the herd/date as a random effect. The MET traits were divided in tertiles. The results showed that milk protein was positively associated with body condition score (BCS) and glucose, and negatively associated with BHB blood content; milk fat was positively associated with BHB content; milk lactose was positively associated with BCS; and Ca, P, K and S were the minerals with the greatest number of associations with the cows' energy indicators, particularly BCS, predicted triacylglycerol liver content, glucose, BHB and urea. We conclude that the protein, fat, lactose, and mineral contents of milk partially reflect the metabolic adaptation of cows during lactation and within 120 DIM. Variations in the milk mineral profile were consistent with changes in the major milk constituents and the metabolic status of cows. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:27:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d425fc32b6b4a9b8cbcc783bbad9c6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:27:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d425fc32b6b4a9b8cbcc783bbad9c6d2023-08-18T04:30:26ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-09-01106965776591Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cowsAlessandro Toscano0Diana Giannuzzi1Sara Pegolo2Alice Vanzin3Vittoria Bisutti4Luigi Gallo5Erminio Trevisi6Alessio Cecchinato7Stefano Schiavon8Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy; Corresponding authorDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122, Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, ItalyABSTRACT: The causes of variation in the milk mineral profile of dairy cattle during the first phase of lactation were studied under the hypothesis that the milk mineral profile partially reflects the animals' metabolic status. Correlations between the minerals and the main milk constituents (i.e., protein, fat, and lactose percentages), and their associations with the cows' metabolic status indicators were explored. The metabolic status indicators (MET) that we used were blood energy-protein metabolites [nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and urea], and liver ultrasound measurements (predicted triacylglycerol liver content, portal vein area, portal vein diameter and liver depth). Milk and blood samples, and ultrasound measurements were taken from 295 Holstein cows belonging to 2 herds and in the first 120 d in milk (DIM). Milk mineral contents were determined by ICP-OES; these were considered the response variable and analyzed through a mixed model which included DIM, parity, milk yield, and MET as fixed effects, and the herd/date as a random effect. The MET traits were divided in tertiles. The results showed that milk protein was positively associated with body condition score (BCS) and glucose, and negatively associated with BHB blood content; milk fat was positively associated with BHB content; milk lactose was positively associated with BCS; and Ca, P, K and S were the minerals with the greatest number of associations with the cows' energy indicators, particularly BCS, predicted triacylglycerol liver content, glucose, BHB and urea. We conclude that the protein, fat, lactose, and mineral contents of milk partially reflect the metabolic adaptation of cows during lactation and within 120 DIM. Variations in the milk mineral profile were consistent with changes in the major milk constituents and the metabolic status of cows.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223004010milk compositionmilk mineral profilenegative energy balanceblood metabolitesliver ultrasound |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Toscano Diana Giannuzzi Sara Pegolo Alice Vanzin Vittoria Bisutti Luigi Gallo Erminio Trevisi Alessio Cecchinato Stefano Schiavon Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows Journal of Dairy Science milk composition milk mineral profile negative energy balance blood metabolites liver ultrasound |
| title | Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows |
| title_full | Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows |
| title_fullStr | Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows |
| title_short | Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows |
| title_sort | associations between the detailed milk mineral profile milk composition and metabolic status in holstein cows |
| topic | milk composition milk mineral profile negative energy balance blood metabolites liver ultrasound |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223004010 |
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