Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a multi-system autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands. Lymphocytes infiltrate the gland tissue, leading to anatomical modification and hypofunction. Even if the prognosis of pSS is favorable, quality of life is typically reduced due to the diverse ma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/348 |
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| author | Giacomo Setti Valeria Righi Adele Mucci Lucia Panari Giuditta Bernardelli Elisabetta Tarentini Anna Gambini Ugo Consolo Luigi Generali Cristina Magnoni Marco Meleti Gilda Sandri Pierantonio Bellini |
| author_facet | Giacomo Setti Valeria Righi Adele Mucci Lucia Panari Giuditta Bernardelli Elisabetta Tarentini Anna Gambini Ugo Consolo Luigi Generali Cristina Magnoni Marco Meleti Gilda Sandri Pierantonio Bellini |
| author_sort | Giacomo Setti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a multi-system autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands. Lymphocytes infiltrate the gland tissue, leading to anatomical modification and hypofunction. Even if the prognosis of pSS is favorable, quality of life is typically reduced due to the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this study is to compare the salivary metabolomes of pSS with healthy controls (HCs). Seven cases were selected from a cohort of pSS patients, and six age- and sex-matched HCs were recruited from a cohort of volunteers. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected for NMR analysis. Our metabolomic analysis focused on 360 ms total echo 1D <sup>1</sup>H NMR CPMG spectra. Metabolites detected with CPMG NMR spectra were assigned through 2D NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, and HSQC). About 50 metabolites were detected and assigned. Unsupervised exploratory PCA returned partial clustering, and PLS-DA improved the separation between pSS and HCs, highlighting a pool of metabolites distinctly describing each group. Despite the limited number of samples, the presented preliminary data are promising. PLS-DA indicated well-defined group separation, suggesting that the application of <sup>1</sup>H-NMR metabolomics is suitable for the study of pSS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d4b5cf71fc74091897f7590519ef0e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d4b5cf71fc74091897f7590519ef0e62023-11-17T12:36:14ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-02-0113334810.3390/metabo13030348Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s SyndromeGiacomo Setti0Valeria Righi1Adele Mucci2Lucia Panari3Giuditta Bernardelli4Elisabetta Tarentini5Anna Gambini6Ugo Consolo7Luigi Generali8Cristina Magnoni9Marco Meleti10Gilda Sandri11Pierantonio Bellini12Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, ItalyDentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyPathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyCentro Universitario Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, ItalyRheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyDentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, ItalyPrimary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a multi-system autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands. Lymphocytes infiltrate the gland tissue, leading to anatomical modification and hypofunction. Even if the prognosis of pSS is favorable, quality of life is typically reduced due to the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this study is to compare the salivary metabolomes of pSS with healthy controls (HCs). Seven cases were selected from a cohort of pSS patients, and six age- and sex-matched HCs were recruited from a cohort of volunteers. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected for NMR analysis. Our metabolomic analysis focused on 360 ms total echo 1D <sup>1</sup>H NMR CPMG spectra. Metabolites detected with CPMG NMR spectra were assigned through 2D NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, and HSQC). About 50 metabolites were detected and assigned. Unsupervised exploratory PCA returned partial clustering, and PLS-DA improved the separation between pSS and HCs, highlighting a pool of metabolites distinctly describing each group. Despite the limited number of samples, the presented preliminary data are promising. PLS-DA indicated well-defined group separation, suggesting that the application of <sup>1</sup>H-NMR metabolomics is suitable for the study of pSS.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/348Sjögren’s Syndromemetabolomicsnuclear magnetic resonancesaliva |
| spellingShingle | Giacomo Setti Valeria Righi Adele Mucci Lucia Panari Giuditta Bernardelli Elisabetta Tarentini Anna Gambini Ugo Consolo Luigi Generali Cristina Magnoni Marco Meleti Gilda Sandri Pierantonio Bellini Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome Metabolites Sjögren’s Syndrome metabolomics nuclear magnetic resonance saliva |
| title | Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| title_full | Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| title_short | Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| title_sort | metabolic profile of whole unstimulated saliva in patients with sjogren s syndrome |
| topic | Sjögren’s Syndrome metabolomics nuclear magnetic resonance saliva |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/348 |
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