Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System
M dwarfs are common host stars to exoplanets but often lack atmospheric abundance measurements. Late-M dwarfs are also good analogs to the youngest substellar companions, which share similar T _eff ∼ 2300–2800 K. We present atmospheric analyses for the M7.5 companion HIP 55507 B and its K6V primary...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1243 |
| _version_ | 1797336166169575424 |
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| author | Jerry W. Xuan Jason Wang Luke Finnerty Katelyn Horstman Simon Grimm Anne E. Peck Eric Nielsen Heather A. Knutson Dimitri Mawet Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Michael C. Liu Sam Walker Mark W. Phillips Geoffrey A. Blake Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Yapeng Zhang Julie Inglis Nicole L. Wallack Aniket Sanghi Erica J. Gonzales Fei Dai Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Charlotte Z. Bond Marta L. Bryan Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Jacques-Robert Delorme Greg Doppmann Daniel Echeverri Michael P. Fitzgerald Nemanja Jovanovic Joshua Liberman Ronald A. López Emily C. Martin Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Garreth Ruane Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew Skemer Taylor Venenciano J. Kent Wallace Ji Wang Peter Wizinowich Yinzi Xin Shubh Agrawal Clarissa R. Do Ó Chih-Chun Hsu Caprice L. Phillips |
| author_facet | Jerry W. Xuan Jason Wang Luke Finnerty Katelyn Horstman Simon Grimm Anne E. Peck Eric Nielsen Heather A. Knutson Dimitri Mawet Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Michael C. Liu Sam Walker Mark W. Phillips Geoffrey A. Blake Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Yapeng Zhang Julie Inglis Nicole L. Wallack Aniket Sanghi Erica J. Gonzales Fei Dai Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Charlotte Z. Bond Marta L. Bryan Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Jacques-Robert Delorme Greg Doppmann Daniel Echeverri Michael P. Fitzgerald Nemanja Jovanovic Joshua Liberman Ronald A. López Emily C. Martin Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Garreth Ruane Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew Skemer Taylor Venenciano J. Kent Wallace Ji Wang Peter Wizinowich Yinzi Xin Shubh Agrawal Clarissa R. Do Ó Chih-Chun Hsu Caprice L. Phillips |
| author_sort | Jerry W. Xuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | M dwarfs are common host stars to exoplanets but often lack atmospheric abundance measurements. Late-M dwarfs are also good analogs to the youngest substellar companions, which share similar T _eff ∼ 2300–2800 K. We present atmospheric analyses for the M7.5 companion HIP 55507 B and its K6V primary star with Keck/KPIC high-resolution ( R ∼ 35,000) K -band spectroscopy. First, by including KPIC relative radial velocities between the primary and secondary in the orbit fit, we improve the dynamical mass precision by 60% and find ${M}_{B}={88.0}_{-3.2}^{+3.4}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , putting HIP 55507 B above the stellar–substellar boundary. We also find that HIP 55507 B orbits its K6V primary star with $a={38}_{-3}^{+4}$ au and e = 0.40 ± 0.04. From atmospheric retrievals of HIP 55507 B, we measure [C/H] = 0.24 ± 0.13, [O/H] = 0.15 ± 0.13, and C/O = 0.67 ± 0.04. Moreover, we strongly detect ^13 CO (7.8 σ significance) and tentatively detect ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}$ (3.7 σ significance) in the companion’s atmosphere and measure ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}{/}^{13}\mathrm{CO}={98}_{-22}^{+28}$ and ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{16}{\rm{O}}/{{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}={240}_{-80}^{+145}$ after accounting for systematic errors. From a simplified retrieval analysis of HIP 55507 A, we measure ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}{/}^{13}\mathrm{CO}={79}_{-16}^{+21}$ and ${{\rm{C}}}^{16}{\rm{O}}/{{\rm{C}}}^{18}{\rm{O}}={288}_{-70}^{+125}$ for the primary star. These results demonstrate that HIP 55507 A and B have consistent ^12 C/ ^13 C and ^16 O/ ^18 O to the <1 σ level, as expected for a chemically homogeneous binary system. Given the similar flux ratios and separations between HIP 55507 AB and systems with young substellar companions, our results open the door to systematically measuring ^13 CO and ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}$ abundances in the atmospheres of substellar or even planetary-mass companions with similar spectral types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T08:50:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d532df8b3dd453999dd5def32caedb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T08:50:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d532df8b3dd453999dd5def32caedb82024-02-01T11:17:21ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0196211010.3847/1538-4357/ad1243Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB SystemJerry W. Xuan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-1137Jason Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-6502Luke Finnerty2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-0768Katelyn Horstman3Simon Grimm4Anne E. Peck5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-6881Eric Nielsen6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-9056Heather A. Knutson7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-4725Dimitri Mawet8Howard Isaacson9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-1073Andrew W. Howard10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-0320Michael C. Liu11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7664Sam Walker12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-815XMark W. Phillips13Geoffrey A. Blake14Jean-Baptiste Ruffio15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-4821Yapeng Zhang16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-4414Julie Inglis17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9164-7966Nicole L. Wallack18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-0187Aniket Sanghi19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-4757Erica J. Gonzales20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-2190Fei Dai21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-0683Ashley Baker22Randall Bartos23Charlotte Z. Bond24Marta L. Bryan25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-5967Benjamin Calvin26https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-5486Sylvain Cetre27Jacques-Robert Delorme28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-1008Greg Doppmann29Daniel Echeverri30Michael P. Fitzgerald31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-8973Nemanja Jovanovic32https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6207Joshua Liberman33https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-3042Ronald A. López34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-4995Emily C. Martin35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0618-5128Evan Morris36Jacklyn Pezzato37Garreth Ruane38https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-1665Ben Sappey39https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-3593Tobias Schofield40Andrew Skemer41https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3924Taylor Venenciano42J. Kent Wallace43https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-6899Ji Wang44https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-8885Peter Wizinowich45Yinzi Xin46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-9081Shubh Agrawal47https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-5811Clarissa R. Do Ó48https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-2947Chih-Chun Hsu49https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-7494Caprice L. Phillips50https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-5328Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduCenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Astronomy, New Mexico State University , P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Astronomy, New Mexico State University , P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADivision of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.edu; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley , CA 94720, USA; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USADivision of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDivision of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Washington, DC 20015, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.edu; Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAUK Astronomy Technology Centre , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKDavid A. Dunlap Institute Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.edu; Department of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.edu; James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona , Meinel Building, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USACenter for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAPhysics and Astronomy Department, Pomona College , 333 North College Way, Claremont, CA 91711, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; jxuan@astro.caltech.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USACenter for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman, Evanston, IL 60201, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAM dwarfs are common host stars to exoplanets but often lack atmospheric abundance measurements. Late-M dwarfs are also good analogs to the youngest substellar companions, which share similar T _eff ∼ 2300–2800 K. We present atmospheric analyses for the M7.5 companion HIP 55507 B and its K6V primary star with Keck/KPIC high-resolution ( R ∼ 35,000) K -band spectroscopy. First, by including KPIC relative radial velocities between the primary and secondary in the orbit fit, we improve the dynamical mass precision by 60% and find ${M}_{B}={88.0}_{-3.2}^{+3.4}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , putting HIP 55507 B above the stellar–substellar boundary. We also find that HIP 55507 B orbits its K6V primary star with $a={38}_{-3}^{+4}$ au and e = 0.40 ± 0.04. From atmospheric retrievals of HIP 55507 B, we measure [C/H] = 0.24 ± 0.13, [O/H] = 0.15 ± 0.13, and C/O = 0.67 ± 0.04. Moreover, we strongly detect ^13 CO (7.8 σ significance) and tentatively detect ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}$ (3.7 σ significance) in the companion’s atmosphere and measure ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}{/}^{13}\mathrm{CO}={98}_{-22}^{+28}$ and ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{16}{\rm{O}}/{{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}={240}_{-80}^{+145}$ after accounting for systematic errors. From a simplified retrieval analysis of HIP 55507 A, we measure ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}{/}^{13}\mathrm{CO}={79}_{-16}^{+21}$ and ${{\rm{C}}}^{16}{\rm{O}}/{{\rm{C}}}^{18}{\rm{O}}={288}_{-70}^{+125}$ for the primary star. These results demonstrate that HIP 55507 A and B have consistent ^12 C/ ^13 C and ^16 O/ ^18 O to the <1 σ level, as expected for a chemically homogeneous binary system. Given the similar flux ratios and separations between HIP 55507 AB and systems with young substellar companions, our results open the door to systematically measuring ^13 CO and ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{18}{\rm{O}}$ abundances in the atmospheres of substellar or even planetary-mass companions with similar spectral types.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1243Atmospheric compositionStellar atmospheresIsotopic abundancesRadial velocity |
| spellingShingle | Jerry W. Xuan Jason Wang Luke Finnerty Katelyn Horstman Simon Grimm Anne E. Peck Eric Nielsen Heather A. Knutson Dimitri Mawet Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Michael C. Liu Sam Walker Mark W. Phillips Geoffrey A. Blake Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Yapeng Zhang Julie Inglis Nicole L. Wallack Aniket Sanghi Erica J. Gonzales Fei Dai Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Charlotte Z. Bond Marta L. Bryan Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Jacques-Robert Delorme Greg Doppmann Daniel Echeverri Michael P. Fitzgerald Nemanja Jovanovic Joshua Liberman Ronald A. López Emily C. Martin Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Garreth Ruane Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew Skemer Taylor Venenciano J. Kent Wallace Ji Wang Peter Wizinowich Yinzi Xin Shubh Agrawal Clarissa R. Do Ó Chih-Chun Hsu Caprice L. Phillips Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System The Astrophysical Journal Atmospheric composition Stellar atmospheres Isotopic abundances Radial velocity |
| title | Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System |
| title_full | Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System |
| title_fullStr | Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System |
| title_short | Validation of Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Late-M Spectral Types with the Benchmark HIP 55507 AB System |
| title_sort | validation of elemental and isotopic abundances in late m spectral types with the benchmark hip 55507 ab system |
| topic | Atmospheric composition Stellar atmospheres Isotopic abundances Radial velocity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1243 |
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