Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions
Cyanide (CN) is a toxic environmental pollutant generated by various industrial activities, necessitating the application of bioremediation techniques for its degradation. Biodegradation is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique with high efficiency in CN removal. This study is...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3645 |
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| author | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Milena Carpio Mamani Gisela July Maraza Choque Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_facet | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Milena Carpio Mamani Gisela July Maraza Choque Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_sort | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanide (CN) is a toxic environmental pollutant generated by various industrial activities, necessitating the application of bioremediation techniques for its degradation. Biodegradation is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique with high efficiency in CN removal. This study isolated cyanide-degrading bacteria from Tutupaca mining site soil from Tacna, Peru. <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain TT10s was selected for its exceptional capacity to rapidly and completely eliminate cyanide under alkaline conditions (pH 10.5), removing 1000 ppm cyanide within 48 h. A kinetic analysis revealed that the biodegradation follows second-order rate kinetics (<i>k</i><sub>2</sub> = 0.08649 mg/(mg·h), R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96622), consistent with the literature attribution of the rate-limiting step to the inducible cyanide dihydratase enzyme, which converts cyanide into ammonia and formate via the Michaelis–Menten model. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analysis further corroborated this enzymatic mechanism, showing the disappearance of CN peaks coupled with the emergence of ammonia (NH) and formate (C=O) peaks. Quantitative kinetic modelling integrated with FTIR profiles and degradation curves implicates cyanide dihydratase as the key rate-controlling enzyme in alkaline cyanide biodegradation without the need for an extra carbon source, generating interest for future bioremediation applications in highly contaminated environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d53922a1e8b4d0f9b271faef236a4a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d53922a1e8b4d0f9b271faef236a4a32023-11-19T18:30:46ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-10-011520364510.3390/w15203645Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline ConditionsCésar Julio Cáceda Quiroz0Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe1Milena Carpio Mamani2Gisela July Maraza Choque3Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari4Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruCentro de Energías Renovables de Tacna (CERT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruCyanide (CN) is a toxic environmental pollutant generated by various industrial activities, necessitating the application of bioremediation techniques for its degradation. Biodegradation is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique with high efficiency in CN removal. This study isolated cyanide-degrading bacteria from Tutupaca mining site soil from Tacna, Peru. <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain TT10s was selected for its exceptional capacity to rapidly and completely eliminate cyanide under alkaline conditions (pH 10.5), removing 1000 ppm cyanide within 48 h. A kinetic analysis revealed that the biodegradation follows second-order rate kinetics (<i>k</i><sub>2</sub> = 0.08649 mg/(mg·h), R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96622), consistent with the literature attribution of the rate-limiting step to the inducible cyanide dihydratase enzyme, which converts cyanide into ammonia and formate via the Michaelis–Menten model. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analysis further corroborated this enzymatic mechanism, showing the disappearance of CN peaks coupled with the emergence of ammonia (NH) and formate (C=O) peaks. Quantitative kinetic modelling integrated with FTIR profiles and degradation curves implicates cyanide dihydratase as the key rate-controlling enzyme in alkaline cyanide biodegradation without the need for an extra carbon source, generating interest for future bioremediation applications in highly contaminated environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3645bioremediationcyanide<i>Basillus subtilis</i> |
| spellingShingle | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Milena Carpio Mamani Gisela July Maraza Choque Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions Water bioremediation cyanide <i>Basillus subtilis</i> |
| title | Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions |
| title_full | Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions |
| title_short | Cyanide Bioremediation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under Alkaline Conditions |
| title_sort | cyanide bioremediation by i bacillus subtilis i under alkaline conditions |
| topic | bioremediation cyanide <i>Basillus subtilis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3645 |
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