Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia)
Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle but have been exploited over many centuries, which reduces their carbon storage capacity. To investigate peatland development during the late Holocene and their restoration after peat extraction, we applied a multi-proxy paleoecological (po...
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2023-03-01
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| author | Yuri A. Mazei Andrey N. Tsyganov Ekaterina G. Ershova Natalia G. Mazei Valery E. Pimenov Elizaveta V. Kotlyarova Natalia V. Kuzmenkova Mikhail S. Paramonov Artemii D. Chulei Anastasiya D. Makarova Ivan A. Zhirov Anna A. Tsaregorodtseva Marina V. Zhuravleva Andrey V. Kitashov Ping Ding Stepan N. Kalmykov |
| author_facet | Yuri A. Mazei Andrey N. Tsyganov Ekaterina G. Ershova Natalia G. Mazei Valery E. Pimenov Elizaveta V. Kotlyarova Natalia V. Kuzmenkova Mikhail S. Paramonov Artemii D. Chulei Anastasiya D. Makarova Ivan A. Zhirov Anna A. Tsaregorodtseva Marina V. Zhuravleva Andrey V. Kitashov Ping Ding Stepan N. Kalmykov |
| author_sort | Yuri A. Mazei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle but have been exploited over many centuries, which reduces their carbon storage capacity. To investigate peatland development during the late Holocene and their restoration after peat extraction, we applied a multi-proxy paleoecological (pollen, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, loss on ignition, peat humification, etc.) approach to undisturbed and floating vegetation mat deposits of the Gorenki peatland (Meshchera Lowlands, East European Plain). Peatland development started around 2550 before the common era (BCE) as a waterlogged eutrophic birch forest (terrestrial paludification) surrounded by a broadleaf forest. Around 2400 BCE, the peatland turned into an open mire with <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses, sedges, and willows. During 900–800 BCE, the mire transformed into a wet mesotrophic peatland surrounded by a spruce forest. The first human settlements and deforestation around 300–400 CE coincided with oligotrophization of the mire. The growth of the Slavic population in the region in 14th century CE caused transformation of indigenous spruce–broadleaf forests into croplands, and the mire became drier and forested. Since peat extraction was abandoned in the beginning of 20th century CE, the mire has undergone self-restoration starting with the formation of a <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum/obtusum</i> quagmire on the floating peat remains. The <i>Sphagnum</i> mat stabilized during 1960–2000 CE. During the last twenty years, agricultural activity decreased and pine forests were restored in the adjacent area; the floating mat became drier and more oligotrophic, which can lead to the formation of a bog in the absence of considerable anthropogenic impact. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:39:33Z |
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| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:39:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1d62e7062e7440e4a924cefed735cae92023-11-17T10:38:46ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182023-03-0115344810.3390/d15030448Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia)Yuri A. Mazei0Andrey N. Tsyganov1Ekaterina G. Ershova2Natalia G. Mazei3Valery E. Pimenov4Elizaveta V. Kotlyarova5Natalia V. Kuzmenkova6Mikhail S. Paramonov7Artemii D. Chulei8Anastasiya D. Makarova9Ivan A. Zhirov10Anna A. Tsaregorodtseva11Marina V. Zhuravleva12Andrey V. Kitashov13Ping Ding14Stepan N. Kalmykov15Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaState Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaPeatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle but have been exploited over many centuries, which reduces their carbon storage capacity. To investigate peatland development during the late Holocene and their restoration after peat extraction, we applied a multi-proxy paleoecological (pollen, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, loss on ignition, peat humification, etc.) approach to undisturbed and floating vegetation mat deposits of the Gorenki peatland (Meshchera Lowlands, East European Plain). Peatland development started around 2550 before the common era (BCE) as a waterlogged eutrophic birch forest (terrestrial paludification) surrounded by a broadleaf forest. Around 2400 BCE, the peatland turned into an open mire with <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses, sedges, and willows. During 900–800 BCE, the mire transformed into a wet mesotrophic peatland surrounded by a spruce forest. The first human settlements and deforestation around 300–400 CE coincided with oligotrophization of the mire. The growth of the Slavic population in the region in 14th century CE caused transformation of indigenous spruce–broadleaf forests into croplands, and the mire became drier and forested. Since peat extraction was abandoned in the beginning of 20th century CE, the mire has undergone self-restoration starting with the formation of a <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum/obtusum</i> quagmire on the floating peat remains. The <i>Sphagnum</i> mat stabilized during 1960–2000 CE. During the last twenty years, agricultural activity decreased and pine forests were restored in the adjacent area; the floating mat became drier and more oligotrophic, which can lead to the formation of a bog in the absence of considerable anthropogenic impact.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/3/448pollenplant macrofossilstestate amoebaemacrocharcoalpeat humification<sup>14</sup>C AMS dating |
| spellingShingle | Yuri A. Mazei Andrey N. Tsyganov Ekaterina G. Ershova Natalia G. Mazei Valery E. Pimenov Elizaveta V. Kotlyarova Natalia V. Kuzmenkova Mikhail S. Paramonov Artemii D. Chulei Anastasiya D. Makarova Ivan A. Zhirov Anna A. Tsaregorodtseva Marina V. Zhuravleva Andrey V. Kitashov Ping Ding Stepan N. Kalmykov Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) Diversity pollen plant macrofossils testate amoebae macrocharcoal peat humification <sup>14</sup>C AMS dating |
| title | Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) |
| title_full | Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) |
| title_short | Multi-Proxy Paleoecological Reconstruction of Peatland Initiation, Development and Restoration in an Urban Area (Moscow, Russia) |
| title_sort | multi proxy paleoecological reconstruction of peatland initiation development and restoration in an urban area moscow russia |
| topic | pollen plant macrofossils testate amoebae macrocharcoal peat humification <sup>14</sup>C AMS dating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/3/448 |
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