Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations
Homeopathy is one of the applications in structured water influencing human health. The objective is to search for the physical basis of homeopathy. This methodology includes a study of absorption in the far IR spectral range, absorption and refraction in THz diapason, dynamic light scattering in th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1475 |
| _version_ | 1797532774231441408 |
|---|---|
| author | Vladimir Korenbaum Tatiana Chernysheva Victorya Galay Roman Galay Alexandr Ustinov Sergei Zakharkov Nikolai Bunkin |
| author_facet | Vladimir Korenbaum Tatiana Chernysheva Victorya Galay Roman Galay Alexandr Ustinov Sergei Zakharkov Nikolai Bunkin |
| author_sort | Vladimir Korenbaum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Homeopathy is one of the applications in structured water influencing human health. The objective is to search for the physical basis of homeopathy. This methodology includes a study of absorption in the far IR spectral range, absorption and refraction in THz diapason, dynamic light scattering in the UV–near IR spectral range for the blinded samples of homeopathic-like preparations (HLP) of several parent substances and hidden/apparent controls, and statistical analysis on the significance of distinctions in spectral data between ensembles of HLP of each parent substance and ensembles of hidden/apparent controls. The analysis of nine independent blind studies of aqueous HLP of several parent substances gave statistically significant spectral differences in some preparations with an apparent control (25 comparisons of 35) and a hidden control (11 comparisons of 40). The revealed dominance in the occurrence frequency of differences in any HLP with an apparent control can be treated as involving most of these changes to the samples by the spectral measuring process. This allows interpreting the main mechanism of manifestation of the spectral changes found as the “observer effect”. The therapeutic effect of HLP may be assumed as a combination of the “observer effect” from the physician side and a “placebo effect” from the patient side. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d723ddf1295473f8298a6fcf3655409 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d723ddf1295473f8298a6fcf36554092023-11-21T21:11:15ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-05-011311147510.3390/w13111475Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous PreparationsVladimir Korenbaum0Tatiana Chernysheva1Victorya Galay2Roman Galay3Alexandr Ustinov4Sergei Zakharkov5Nikolai Bunkin6V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 43 Baltiiskaya Str., 690041 Vladivostok, RussiaClinics of Functional Medicine “Manus”, 1-st Morskaya Str., 4, 690007 Vladivostok, RussiaClinics of Functional Medicine “Manus”, 1-st Morskaya Str., 4, 690007 Vladivostok, RussiaClinics of Functional Medicine “Manus”, 1-st Morskaya Str., 4, 690007 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitution of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-Years of Vladivostok Avenue, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaV.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 43 Baltiiskaya Str., 690041 Vladivostok, RussiaBauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-nd Baumanskaya Str., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, RussiaHomeopathy is one of the applications in structured water influencing human health. The objective is to search for the physical basis of homeopathy. This methodology includes a study of absorption in the far IR spectral range, absorption and refraction in THz diapason, dynamic light scattering in the UV–near IR spectral range for the blinded samples of homeopathic-like preparations (HLP) of several parent substances and hidden/apparent controls, and statistical analysis on the significance of distinctions in spectral data between ensembles of HLP of each parent substance and ensembles of hidden/apparent controls. The analysis of nine independent blind studies of aqueous HLP of several parent substances gave statistically significant spectral differences in some preparations with an apparent control (25 comparisons of 35) and a hidden control (11 comparisons of 40). The revealed dominance in the occurrence frequency of differences in any HLP with an apparent control can be treated as involving most of these changes to the samples by the spectral measuring process. This allows interpreting the main mechanism of manifestation of the spectral changes found as the “observer effect”. The therapeutic effect of HLP may be assumed as a combination of the “observer effect” from the physician side and a “placebo effect” from the patient side.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1475waterspectral measurementshomeopathic-like preparationsblinded studystatistical analysisphysical interpretation |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Korenbaum Tatiana Chernysheva Victorya Galay Roman Galay Alexandr Ustinov Sergei Zakharkov Nikolai Bunkin Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations Water water spectral measurements homeopathic-like preparations blinded study statistical analysis physical interpretation |
| title | Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations |
| title_full | Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations |
| title_fullStr | Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations |
| title_short | Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations |
| title_sort | possible effect of human experimenter on homeopathic like aqueous preparations |
| topic | water spectral measurements homeopathic-like preparations blinded study statistical analysis physical interpretation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1475 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vladimirkorenbaum possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT tatianachernysheva possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT victoryagalay possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT romangalay possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT alexandrustinov possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT sergeizakharkov possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations AT nikolaibunkin possibleeffectofhumanexperimenteronhomeopathiclikeaqueouspreparations |