Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation
The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3426 |
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| author | Chia Miang Khor Jinwen Wang Minghua Li Bruce A. Oettel Richard B. Kaner David Jassby Eric M. V. Hoek |
| author_facet | Chia Miang Khor Jinwen Wang Minghua Li Bruce A. Oettel Richard B. Kaner David Jassby Eric M. V. Hoek |
| author_sort | Chia Miang Khor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:59:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d7581e38f924c548f1b53a4fd06e703 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:59:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d7581e38f924c548f1b53a4fd06e7032023-12-03T12:09:20ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-12-011212342610.3390/w12123426Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical CoagulationChia Miang Khor0Jinwen Wang1Minghua Li2Bruce A. Oettel3Richard B. Kaner4David Jassby5Eric M. V. Hoek6Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAUCLA Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAUCLA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAThe separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3426produced watercoagulationelectro-coagulationenergy consumptionoperating cost |
| spellingShingle | Chia Miang Khor Jinwen Wang Minghua Li Bruce A. Oettel Richard B. Kaner David Jassby Eric M. V. Hoek Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation Water produced water coagulation electro-coagulation energy consumption operating cost |
| title | Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation |
| title_full | Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation |
| title_fullStr | Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation |
| title_short | Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation |
| title_sort | performance energy and cost of produced water treatment by chemical and electrochemical coagulation |
| topic | produced water coagulation electro-coagulation energy consumption operating cost |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3426 |
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