Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder
A composite containing about 30% volume of micrometer-size powder of gadolinium in paraffin wax is synthesized mechanochemically. The composite permittivity and permeability are measured within the frequency range from 0.01 to 15 GHz and the temperature range from ~0 °C to 35 °C. The permittivity is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3005 |
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| author | Sergey N. Starostenko Dmitriy A. Petrov Konstantin N. Rozanov Artem O. Shiryaev Svetlana F. Lomaeva |
| author_facet | Sergey N. Starostenko Dmitriy A. Petrov Konstantin N. Rozanov Artem O. Shiryaev Svetlana F. Lomaeva |
| author_sort | Sergey N. Starostenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A composite containing about 30% volume of micrometer-size powder of gadolinium in paraffin wax is synthesized mechanochemically. The composite permittivity and permeability are measured within the frequency range from 0.01 to 15 GHz and the temperature range from ~0 °C to 35 °C. The permittivity is constant within the measured ranges. Curie temperature of the composite is close to 15.5 °C, the phase transition is shown to take place within a temperature range about ±10 °C. The effect of temperature deviation from Curie point on reflection and transmission of a composite layer filled with Gd powder is studied experimentally and via simulation. Constitutive parameters of the composite are measured in cooled coaxial lines applying reflection-transmission and open-circuit-short-circuit techniques, and the measured low-frequency permeability is in agreement with the values retrieved from the published magnetization curves. The effect of temperature on permeability spectrum of the composite is described in terms of cluster magnetization model based on the Wiener mixing formula. The model is applied to design a microwave screen with variable attenuation; the reflectivity attenuation of 4.5 mm-thick screen increases from about −2 dB to −20 dB at 3.5 GHz if the temperature decreases from 25 °C to 5 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d7c824d8c8e433cabe000c61bcd448d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d7c824d8c8e433cabe000c61bcd448d2023-12-01T21:23:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-04-01228300510.3390/s22083005Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium PowderSergey N. Starostenko0Dmitriy A. Petrov1Konstantin N. Rozanov2Artem O. Shiryaev3Svetlana F. Lomaeva4Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Izhorskaya 13/19, 125412 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Izhorskaya 13/19, 125412 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Izhorskaya 13/19, 125412 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Izhorskaya 13/19, 125412 Moscow, RussiaPhysical-Technical Institute, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, T. Baramzina Str., 34, 426067 Izhevsk, RussiaA composite containing about 30% volume of micrometer-size powder of gadolinium in paraffin wax is synthesized mechanochemically. The composite permittivity and permeability are measured within the frequency range from 0.01 to 15 GHz and the temperature range from ~0 °C to 35 °C. The permittivity is constant within the measured ranges. Curie temperature of the composite is close to 15.5 °C, the phase transition is shown to take place within a temperature range about ±10 °C. The effect of temperature deviation from Curie point on reflection and transmission of a composite layer filled with Gd powder is studied experimentally and via simulation. Constitutive parameters of the composite are measured in cooled coaxial lines applying reflection-transmission and open-circuit-short-circuit techniques, and the measured low-frequency permeability is in agreement with the values retrieved from the published magnetization curves. The effect of temperature on permeability spectrum of the composite is described in terms of cluster magnetization model based on the Wiener mixing formula. The model is applied to design a microwave screen with variable attenuation; the reflectivity attenuation of 4.5 mm-thick screen increases from about −2 dB to −20 dB at 3.5 GHz if the temperature decreases from 25 °C to 5 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3005microwave permeabilityCurie temperaturecluster magnetizationHopkinson effectmixing modeltunable screen |
| spellingShingle | Sergey N. Starostenko Dmitriy A. Petrov Konstantin N. Rozanov Artem O. Shiryaev Svetlana F. Lomaeva Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder Sensors microwave permeability Curie temperature cluster magnetization Hopkinson effect mixing model tunable screen |
| title | Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder |
| title_full | Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder |
| title_short | Effect of Temperature on Microwave Permeability of an Air-Stable Composite Filled with Gadolinium Powder |
| title_sort | effect of temperature on microwave permeability of an air stable composite filled with gadolinium powder |
| topic | microwave permeability Curie temperature cluster magnetization Hopkinson effect mixing model tunable screen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3005 |
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