Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide
Microtubules are cytoskeletal cell elements that also build flagella and cilia. Moreover, these structures participate in spermatogenesis and form a microtubular manchette during spermiogenesis. The present study aims to assess the influence of propyzamide, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on alga &l...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1268 |
| _version_ | 1797602823268990976 |
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| author | Agnieszka Wojtczak |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Wojtczak |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Wojtczak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microtubules are cytoskeletal cell elements that also build flagella and cilia. Moreover, these structures participate in spermatogenesis and form a microtubular manchette during spermiogenesis. The present study aims to assess the influence of propyzamide, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on alga <i>Chara vulgaris</i> spermatids during their differentiation by means of immunofluorescent and electron microscopy methods. Propyzamide blocks the functioning of the β-tubulin microtubule subunit, which results in the creation of a distorted shape of a sperm nucleus at some stages. Present ultrastructural studies confirm these changes. In nuclei, an altered chromatin arrangement and nuclear envelope fragmentation were observed in the research as a result of incorrect nucleus–cytoplasm transport behavior that disturbed the action of proteolytic enzymes and the chromatin remodeling process. In the cytoplasm, large autolytic vacuoles and the dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) system, as well as mitochondria, were revealed in the studies. In some spermatids, the arrangement of microtubules present in the manchette was disturbed and the structure was also fragmented. The observations made in the research at present show that, despite some differences in the manchette between <i>Chara</i> and mammals, and probably also in the alga under study, microtubules participate in the intramanchette transport (IMT) process, which is essential during spermatid differentiation. In the present study, the effect of propyzamide on <i>Chara</i> spermiogenesis is also presented for the first time; however, the role of microtubule-associated proteins in this process still needs to be elucidated in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d8297103cd04e90b4ea5f2550345e26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d8297103cd04e90b4ea5f2550345e262023-11-17T22:43:35ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-04-01129126810.3390/cells12091268Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with PropyzamideAgnieszka Wojtczak0Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Cytophysiology, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, PolandMicrotubules are cytoskeletal cell elements that also build flagella and cilia. Moreover, these structures participate in spermatogenesis and form a microtubular manchette during spermiogenesis. The present study aims to assess the influence of propyzamide, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on alga <i>Chara vulgaris</i> spermatids during their differentiation by means of immunofluorescent and electron microscopy methods. Propyzamide blocks the functioning of the β-tubulin microtubule subunit, which results in the creation of a distorted shape of a sperm nucleus at some stages. Present ultrastructural studies confirm these changes. In nuclei, an altered chromatin arrangement and nuclear envelope fragmentation were observed in the research as a result of incorrect nucleus–cytoplasm transport behavior that disturbed the action of proteolytic enzymes and the chromatin remodeling process. In the cytoplasm, large autolytic vacuoles and the dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) system, as well as mitochondria, were revealed in the studies. In some spermatids, the arrangement of microtubules present in the manchette was disturbed and the structure was also fragmented. The observations made in the research at present show that, despite some differences in the manchette between <i>Chara</i> and mammals, and probably also in the alga under study, microtubules participate in the intramanchette transport (IMT) process, which is essential during spermatid differentiation. In the present study, the effect of propyzamide on <i>Chara</i> spermiogenesis is also presented for the first time; however, the role of microtubule-associated proteins in this process still needs to be elucidated in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1268alga<i>Chara vulgaris</i>chromatinelectron microscopymicrotubulemicrotubular manchette |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Wojtczak Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide Cells alga <i>Chara vulgaris</i> chromatin electron microscopy microtubule microtubular manchette |
| title | Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide |
| title_full | Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide |
| title_fullStr | Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide |
| title_short | Differentiation Disorders of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide |
| title_sort | differentiation disorders of i chara vulgaris i spermatids following treatment with propyzamide |
| topic | alga <i>Chara vulgaris</i> chromatin electron microscopy microtubule microtubular manchette |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1268 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agnieszkawojtczak differentiationdisordersoficharavulgarisispermatidsfollowingtreatmentwithpropyzamide |