The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks
The innate immune response constitutes the cell’s first line of defense against viruses and culminates in the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes, inducing an antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells. Efficient signal transduction is a key factor for strong but co...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3149 |
| _version_ | 1797479907666690048 |
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| author | Laura Weber Gabrielle Vieyres |
| author_facet | Laura Weber Gabrielle Vieyres |
| author_sort | Laura Weber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The innate immune response constitutes the cell’s first line of defense against viruses and culminates in the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes, inducing an antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells. Efficient signal transduction is a key factor for strong but controlled type I IFN expression and depends on the compartmentalization of different steps of the signaling cascade and dynamic events between the involved compartments or organelles. This compartmentalization of the innate immune players not only relies on their association with membranous organelles but also includes the formation of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) and effector concentration by liquid–liquid phase separation. For their successful replication, viruses need to evade innate defenses and evolve a multitude of strategies to impair type I IFN induction, one of which is the disruption of spatial immune signaling dynamics. This review focuses on the role of compartmentalization in ensuring an adequate innate immune response to viral pathogens, drawing attention to crucial translocation events occurring downstream of pattern recognition and leading to the expression of type I IFN. Furthermore, it intends to highlight concise examples of viral countermeasures interfering with this spatial organization to alleviate the innate immune response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:52:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d8ba3113ebf4d41875f078653f9023d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:52:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d8ba3113ebf4d41875f078653f9023d2023-11-23T20:03:39ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-10-011119314910.3390/cells11193149The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change TracksLaura Weber0Gabrielle Vieyres1Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, GermanyJunior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, GermanyThe innate immune response constitutes the cell’s first line of defense against viruses and culminates in the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes, inducing an antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells. Efficient signal transduction is a key factor for strong but controlled type I IFN expression and depends on the compartmentalization of different steps of the signaling cascade and dynamic events between the involved compartments or organelles. This compartmentalization of the innate immune players not only relies on their association with membranous organelles but also includes the formation of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) and effector concentration by liquid–liquid phase separation. For their successful replication, viruses need to evade innate defenses and evolve a multitude of strategies to impair type I IFN induction, one of which is the disruption of spatial immune signaling dynamics. This review focuses on the role of compartmentalization in ensuring an adequate innate immune response to viral pathogens, drawing attention to crucial translocation events occurring downstream of pattern recognition and leading to the expression of type I IFN. Furthermore, it intends to highlight concise examples of viral countermeasures interfering with this spatial organization to alleviate the innate immune response.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3149innate immunitytype I interferonspatiotemporal organizationsubcellular compartmentalizationorganelleviral antagonism |
| spellingShingle | Laura Weber Gabrielle Vieyres The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks Cells innate immunity type I interferon spatiotemporal organization subcellular compartmentalization organelle viral antagonism |
| title | The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks |
| title_full | The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks |
| title_fullStr | The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks |
| title_short | The Railmap of Type I Interferon Induction: Subcellular Network Plan and How Viruses Can Change Tracks |
| title_sort | railmap of type i interferon induction subcellular network plan and how viruses can change tracks |
| topic | innate immunity type I interferon spatiotemporal organization subcellular compartmentalization organelle viral antagonism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3149 |
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