Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of OSA
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated spells of apnea.<br />Collapsibility of hypopharynx due to multiple factors involving pharyngeal dilator<br />muscles and deposition of fat or fluid in the surrounding soft tissues are important<br />contributing factors in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) |
| Online Access: | http://annals-nams.in/index.php/annals/article/view/8 |
| Summary: | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated spells of apnea.<br />Collapsibility of hypopharynx due to multiple factors involving pharyngeal dilator<br />muscles and deposition of fat or fluid in the surrounding soft tissues are important<br />contributing factors in its pathogenesis. OSA commonly affects obese individuals.<br />Males are more commonly affected than the females probably due to the disturbing<br />effect of testosterone on sleep.<br />The impact of OSA on human health include disturbances in endocrine and metabolic<br />system affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, adrenocorticotrophic-cortisol<br />axis, growth hormone, antidiuretic hormones and insulin resistance. There is a<br />tendency for predisposition of the metabolic syndrome or its components including<br />glycemic dysregulation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and physical parameters related<br />to adiposity. On the other hand, several endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism,<br />growth hormone excess, polycystic ovarian disease and testosterone replacement are<br />associated with increased prevalence of OSA.<br />There is limited information on the effect of treatment of OSA by continuous positive<br />airway pressure (CPAP) on the endocrine and metabolic disturbances. There is a need<br />to conduct randomized controlled trials using CPAP therapy in patients with OSA and<br />to study its cause and effect relationship with endocrine and metabolic disturbances. |
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| ISSN: | 0379-038X 2454-5635 |