Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population
The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/382 |
| _version_ | 1797318368280182784 |
|---|---|
| author | Dana Alkhatib Zumin Shi Vijay Ganji |
| author_facet | Dana Alkhatib Zumin Shi Vijay Ganji |
| author_sort | Dana Alkhatib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism among the U.S. population is limited. Data from three cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012, were used (<i>n</i> = 8317). Subjects with serum thyroid stimulating hormone >4.5 mIU/L or on levothyroxine were considered to have hypothyroidism. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and several lifestyle factors were considered as covariates. Three patterns were extracted using factor analysis. These were labeled as fat–processed grains–sugars–meats (FPSM), oils–nuts–potatoes–low-fat meats (ONPL), and fruits–whole grains–vegetables–dairy (FWVD) patterns. In a weighted multiple logistic regression, FPSM and ONPL were inversely associated with hypothyroidism (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–1; <i>p</i> = 0.049 and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.025, respectively). However, FWVD demonstrated no association with hypothyroidism (<i>p</i> = 0.63). In conclusion, FPSM and ONPL patterns but not FWVD patterns were associated with hypothyroidism in U.S. adults. Nutrient deficiencies and their interactions may be linked to hypothyroidism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1da93485a31f4a6ab88de5f11de39b44 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-1da93485a31f4a6ab88de5f11de39b442024-02-09T15:19:46ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-01-0116338210.3390/nu16030382Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult PopulationDana Alkhatib0Zumin Shi1Vijay Ganji2Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarHuman Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAThe thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism among the U.S. population is limited. Data from three cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012, were used (<i>n</i> = 8317). Subjects with serum thyroid stimulating hormone >4.5 mIU/L or on levothyroxine were considered to have hypothyroidism. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and several lifestyle factors were considered as covariates. Three patterns were extracted using factor analysis. These were labeled as fat–processed grains–sugars–meats (FPSM), oils–nuts–potatoes–low-fat meats (ONPL), and fruits–whole grains–vegetables–dairy (FWVD) patterns. In a weighted multiple logistic regression, FPSM and ONPL were inversely associated with hypothyroidism (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–1; <i>p</i> = 0.049 and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.025, respectively). However, FWVD demonstrated no association with hypothyroidism (<i>p</i> = 0.63). In conclusion, FPSM and ONPL patterns but not FWVD patterns were associated with hypothyroidism in U.S. adults. Nutrient deficiencies and their interactions may be linked to hypothyroidism.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/382hypothyroidismthyroiddietary patternsfactor analysisNHANESUSA |
| spellingShingle | Dana Alkhatib Zumin Shi Vijay Ganji Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population Nutrients hypothyroidism thyroid dietary patterns factor analysis NHANES USA |
| title | Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population |
| title_full | Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population |
| title_short | Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population |
| title_sort | dietary patterns and hypothyroidism in u s adult population |
| topic | hypothyroidism thyroid dietary patterns factor analysis NHANES USA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/382 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danaalkhatib dietarypatternsandhypothyroidisminusadultpopulation AT zuminshi dietarypatternsandhypothyroidisminusadultpopulation AT vijayganji dietarypatternsandhypothyroidisminusadultpopulation |