Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015)
Ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) reference stations lack the capacity to provide data for ocean regions with sufficient spatial-temporal resolution, limiting the detailed study of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Thus, this study collected kinematic multi-GNSS data on t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3051 |
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| author | Xiaowen Luo Di Wang Jinling Wang Ziyin Wu Jinyao Gao Tao Zhang Chunguo Yang Xiaoming Qin Xiaolun Chen |
| author_facet | Xiaowen Luo Di Wang Jinling Wang Ziyin Wu Jinyao Gao Tao Zhang Chunguo Yang Xiaoming Qin Xiaolun Chen |
| author_sort | Xiaowen Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) reference stations lack the capacity to provide data for ocean regions with sufficient spatial-temporal resolution, limiting the detailed study of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Thus, this study collected kinematic multi-GNSS data on the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) during two research cruises across the equator in the Western Pacific Ocean in 2014 (31 October–8 November) and 2015 (29 March–6 April). The purpose of the study was to use sufficient spatial–temporal resolution data to conduct a detailed analysis of the diurnal variation of the equatorial ionization anomaly in different seasons. The two-year data collected were used to draw the following conclusions. During the test in 2014, the EIA phenomenon in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was relatively obvious. The maximum values occurred at local time (LT) 15:00 (~136TECu) and LT22:00 (~107TECu) in the Northern Hemisphere and at LT14:00 (100TECu) and LT22:00 (80TECu) in the Southern Hemisphere. During the test in 2015, the EIA in the Southern Hemisphere reached its maximum level at LT14:00 (~115TECu) and LT20:00 (~85TECu). However, the EIA phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere was weakened, and a maximum value occurred only at LT 15:00 (~85TECu). The intensity contrast was reversed. The EIA phenomenon manifests a strong hemisphere asymmetry in this region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:08:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1dae4e8b87ac4a9cb6a75627ffaed96b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:08:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-1dae4e8b87ac4a9cb6a75627ffaed96b2023-11-22T06:08:06ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-08-011315305110.3390/rs13153051Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015)Xiaowen Luo0Di Wang1Jinling Wang2Ziyin Wu3Jinyao Gao4Tao Zhang5Chunguo Yang6Xiaoming Qin7Xiaolun Chen8Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaGround-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) reference stations lack the capacity to provide data for ocean regions with sufficient spatial-temporal resolution, limiting the detailed study of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Thus, this study collected kinematic multi-GNSS data on the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) during two research cruises across the equator in the Western Pacific Ocean in 2014 (31 October–8 November) and 2015 (29 March–6 April). The purpose of the study was to use sufficient spatial–temporal resolution data to conduct a detailed analysis of the diurnal variation of the equatorial ionization anomaly in different seasons. The two-year data collected were used to draw the following conclusions. During the test in 2014, the EIA phenomenon in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was relatively obvious. The maximum values occurred at local time (LT) 15:00 (~136TECu) and LT22:00 (~107TECu) in the Northern Hemisphere and at LT14:00 (100TECu) and LT22:00 (80TECu) in the Southern Hemisphere. During the test in 2015, the EIA in the Southern Hemisphere reached its maximum level at LT14:00 (~115TECu) and LT20:00 (~85TECu). However, the EIA phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere was weakened, and a maximum value occurred only at LT 15:00 (~85TECu). The intensity contrast was reversed. The EIA phenomenon manifests a strong hemisphere asymmetry in this region.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3051equatorial ionization anomalyWestern Pacific Oceanionospheric total electron contentdiurnal variationhemisphere asymmetry |
| spellingShingle | Xiaowen Luo Di Wang Jinling Wang Ziyin Wu Jinyao Gao Tao Zhang Chunguo Yang Xiaoming Qin Xiaolun Chen Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) Remote Sensing equatorial ionization anomaly Western Pacific Ocean ionospheric total electron content diurnal variation hemisphere asymmetry |
| title | Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) |
| title_full | Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) |
| title_short | Study of the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Using Shipborne Multi-GNSS Data: A Case Analysis (120–150°E, Western Pacific Ocean, 2014–2015) |
| title_sort | study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the equatorial ionization anomaly using shipborne multi gnss data a case analysis 120 150°e western pacific ocean 2014 2015 |
| topic | equatorial ionization anomaly Western Pacific Ocean ionospheric total electron content diurnal variation hemisphere asymmetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3051 |
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