<i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes
Skincare products play a crucial role in preventing the dry skin induced by various causes. Certain ingredients can help to improve the efficacy of skincare products. <i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate (GFF) is such a functional ingredient. Its use originated from the empirical observa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6338 |
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| author | Xianghong Yan Gaku Tsuji Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya Masutaka Furue |
| author_facet | Xianghong Yan Gaku Tsuji Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya Masutaka Furue |
| author_sort | Xianghong Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skincare products play a crucial role in preventing the dry skin induced by various causes. Certain ingredients can help to improve the efficacy of skincare products. <i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate (GFF) is such a functional ingredient. Its use originated from the empirical observation that the hands of sake brewers who deal with yeast fermentation retain a beautiful and youthful appearance. Consequently, skincare products based on GFF are widely used throughout the world. Recent studies have demonstrated that GFF activates an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and upregulates the expression of filaggrin, a pivotal endogenous source of natural moisturizing factors, in epidermal keratinocytes. It also activates nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the antioxidative master transcription factor, and exhibits potent antioxidative activity against oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet irradiation and proinflammatory cytokines, which also accelerate inflammaging. GFF-mediated NRF2 activation downregulates the expression of CDKN2A, which is known to be overexpressed in senescent keratinocytes. Moreover, GFF enhances epidermal terminal differentiation by upregulating the expression of caspase-14, claudin-1, and claudin-4. It also promotes the synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-37 and downregulates the expression of proallergic cytokine IL-33 in keratinocytes. In addition, GFF downregulates the expression of the <i>CXCL14</i> and <i>IL6R</i> genes, which are involved in inflammaging. These beneficial properties might underpin the potent barrier-protecting and anti-inflammaging effects of GFF-containing skin formulae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1db073b1f4c64c3fbd62333ec98565c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1db073b1f4c64c3fbd62333ec98565c12023-11-24T05:16:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-10-011121633810.3390/jcm11216338<i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in KeratinocytesXianghong Yan0Gaku Tsuji1Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya2Masutaka Furue3SK-II Science Communications, Kobe Innovation Center, Procter and Gamble Innovation, Kobe 651-0088, JapanResearch and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanSkincare products play a crucial role in preventing the dry skin induced by various causes. Certain ingredients can help to improve the efficacy of skincare products. <i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate (GFF) is such a functional ingredient. Its use originated from the empirical observation that the hands of sake brewers who deal with yeast fermentation retain a beautiful and youthful appearance. Consequently, skincare products based on GFF are widely used throughout the world. Recent studies have demonstrated that GFF activates an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and upregulates the expression of filaggrin, a pivotal endogenous source of natural moisturizing factors, in epidermal keratinocytes. It also activates nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the antioxidative master transcription factor, and exhibits potent antioxidative activity against oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet irradiation and proinflammatory cytokines, which also accelerate inflammaging. GFF-mediated NRF2 activation downregulates the expression of CDKN2A, which is known to be overexpressed in senescent keratinocytes. Moreover, GFF enhances epidermal terminal differentiation by upregulating the expression of caspase-14, claudin-1, and claudin-4. It also promotes the synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-37 and downregulates the expression of proallergic cytokine IL-33 in keratinocytes. In addition, GFF downregulates the expression of the <i>CXCL14</i> and <i>IL6R</i> genes, which are involved in inflammaging. These beneficial properties might underpin the potent barrier-protecting and anti-inflammaging effects of GFF-containing skin formulae.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6338<i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate Pitera<sup>TM</sup>aryl hydrocarbon receptorNRF2filaggrinCDKN2Acaspase-14 |
| spellingShingle | Xianghong Yan Gaku Tsuji Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya Masutaka Furue <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes Journal of Clinical Medicine <i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate Pitera<sup>TM</sup> aryl hydrocarbon receptor NRF2 filaggrin CDKN2A caspase-14 |
| title | <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes |
| title_full | <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes |
| title_fullStr | <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes |
| title_short | <i>Galactomyces</i> Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes |
| title_sort | i galactomyces i ferment filtrate potentiates an anti inflammaging system in keratinocytes |
| topic | <i>Galactomyces</i> ferment filtrate Pitera<sup>TM</sup> aryl hydrocarbon receptor NRF2 filaggrin CDKN2A caspase-14 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6338 |
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