Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India
Background: Citrobacter, a gram negative bacillus, is emerging as one of the major pathogens in hospital settings, with a potential to cause serious infections. Virulence markers are the factors which enhance the survival ability of the microorganisms. Among the gram negative bacilli, these have...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2013-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3073/14%20-%205422_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PF1(PP)_PFA(PUH).pdf |
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| author | Ritu Nayar Indu Shukla S Manazir Ali |
| author_facet | Ritu Nayar Indu Shukla S Manazir Ali |
| author_sort | Ritu Nayar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Citrobacter, a gram negative bacillus, is
emerging as one of the major pathogens in hospital settings,
with a potential to cause serious infections. Virulence markers
are the factors which enhance the survival ability of the microorganisms. Among the gram negative bacilli, these have been
extensively studied in Escherichia coli. To the best of our
knowledge as per internet search, we report that this study has
been done for the first time in India on Citrobacter.
Aims: An investigation was done to determine the ability of
Citrobacter in producing virulence markers like the ability to
survive the serum bactericidal activity, the resistance to the
intracellular killing in the Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes
(PMNLs) and the Cell Surface Hydrophobicity (CSH).
Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted
in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in
Aligarh, India, for a period of one year and six months.
Material and Methods: A total of 105 clinical isolates and 20
control isolates from healthy subjects were identified as having
Citrobacter spp. by using standard biochemical tests and they
were studied for the presence of virulence markers like the
ability to survive the serum bactericidal activity, the resistance
to the intracellular killing in the Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes
(PMNLs) and the cell surface hydrophobicity.
The statistical analysis which was used: The standard
deviations and the p-values were calculated for comparison.
Results: Out of the 105 clinical isolates of Citrobacter which
were studied, 86.6% isolates were resistant to 100% serum
after 180 minutes of incubation and intracellular killing in PMNL
was demonstrated in 17% strains. The Salt Aggregation Test
(SAT) for the cell surface hydrophobicity was positive in 17.1%
strains at different concentrations of ammonium sulphate. The
presence of more than one virulence marker was present in
71.4% of the clinical isolates while in the control isolates.
Conclusions: The presence of the virulence markers in
Citrobacter demonstrated its pathogenic potential. Its
invasiveness and ability to disseminate can be studied by
identifying these markers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:45:34Z |
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| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:45:34Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1db6b9edd14e4992b47ca3096103e5462022-12-22T03:06:02ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-06-01761031103410.7860/JCDR/2013/5422.3073Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from IndiaRitu Nayar0Indu Shukla1S Manazir Ali2Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, Delhi-85, India.Professor, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. U.P., India.Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. U.P., India.Background: Citrobacter, a gram negative bacillus, is emerging as one of the major pathogens in hospital settings, with a potential to cause serious infections. Virulence markers are the factors which enhance the survival ability of the microorganisms. Among the gram negative bacilli, these have been extensively studied in Escherichia coli. To the best of our knowledge as per internet search, we report that this study has been done for the first time in India on Citrobacter. Aims: An investigation was done to determine the ability of Citrobacter in producing virulence markers like the ability to survive the serum bactericidal activity, the resistance to the intracellular killing in the Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes (PMNLs) and the Cell Surface Hydrophobicity (CSH). Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Aligarh, India, for a period of one year and six months. Material and Methods: A total of 105 clinical isolates and 20 control isolates from healthy subjects were identified as having Citrobacter spp. by using standard biochemical tests and they were studied for the presence of virulence markers like the ability to survive the serum bactericidal activity, the resistance to the intracellular killing in the Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes (PMNLs) and the cell surface hydrophobicity. The statistical analysis which was used: The standard deviations and the p-values were calculated for comparison. Results: Out of the 105 clinical isolates of Citrobacter which were studied, 86.6% isolates were resistant to 100% serum after 180 minutes of incubation and intracellular killing in PMNL was demonstrated in 17% strains. The Salt Aggregation Test (SAT) for the cell surface hydrophobicity was positive in 17.1% strains at different concentrations of ammonium sulphate. The presence of more than one virulence marker was present in 71.4% of the clinical isolates while in the control isolates. Conclusions: The presence of the virulence markers in Citrobacter demonstrated its pathogenic potential. Its invasiveness and ability to disseminate can be studied by identifying these markers.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3073/14%20-%205422_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PF1(PP)_PFA(PUH).pdfcitrobacterserum resistancecell surface hydrophobicityintracellular pmnl killing |
| spellingShingle | Ritu Nayar Indu Shukla S Manazir Ali Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research citrobacter serum resistance cell surface hydrophobicity intracellular pmnl killing |
| title | Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Virulence Markers in the Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter Species: The First Report from India |
| title_sort | evaluation of the virulence markers in the clinical isolates of citrobacter species the first report from india |
| topic | citrobacter serum resistance cell surface hydrophobicity intracellular pmnl killing |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3073/14%20-%205422_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PF1(PP)_PFA(PUH).pdf |
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