Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector, with a global production of 122.6 million tonnes in 2020. Nonetheless, aquatic animal production can be hampered by the occurrence of viral diseases. Furthermore, intensive farming conditions and an increasing number of reared fish species ha...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/466 |
| _version_ | 1797613391964012544 |
|---|---|
| author | Enrico Volpe Francesca Errani Luciana Mandrioli Sara Ciulli |
| author_facet | Enrico Volpe Francesca Errani Luciana Mandrioli Sara Ciulli |
| author_sort | Enrico Volpe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector, with a global production of 122.6 million tonnes in 2020. Nonetheless, aquatic animal production can be hampered by the occurrence of viral diseases. Furthermore, intensive farming conditions and an increasing number of reared fish species have boosted the number of aquatic animals’ pathogens that researchers have to deal with, requiring the quick development of new detection and study methods for novel unknown pathogens. In this respect, the molecular tools have significantly contributed to investigating thoroughly the structural constituents of fish viruses and providing efficient detection methods. For instance, next-generation sequencing has been crucial in reassignment to the correct taxonomic family, the sturgeon nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses, a group of viruses historically known, but mistakenly considered as iridoviruses. Further methods such as in situ hybridisation allowed objectifying the role played by the pathogen in the determinism of disease, as the cyprinid herpesvirus 2, ostreid herpesvirus 1 and betanodaviruses. Often, a combination of molecular techniques is crucial to understanding the viral role, especially when the virus is detected in a new aquatic animal species. With this paper, the authors would critically revise the scientific literature, dealing with the molecular techniques employed hitherto to study the most relevant finfish and shellfish viral pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:54:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1db78e1300804e21869d99eccc404bfe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:54:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1db78e1300804e21869d99eccc404bfe2023-11-17T09:42:41ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-03-0112346610.3390/biology12030466Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ ContributionEnrico Volpe0Francesca Errani1Luciana Mandrioli2Sara Ciulli3Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, ItalyAquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector, with a global production of 122.6 million tonnes in 2020. Nonetheless, aquatic animal production can be hampered by the occurrence of viral diseases. Furthermore, intensive farming conditions and an increasing number of reared fish species have boosted the number of aquatic animals’ pathogens that researchers have to deal with, requiring the quick development of new detection and study methods for novel unknown pathogens. In this respect, the molecular tools have significantly contributed to investigating thoroughly the structural constituents of fish viruses and providing efficient detection methods. For instance, next-generation sequencing has been crucial in reassignment to the correct taxonomic family, the sturgeon nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses, a group of viruses historically known, but mistakenly considered as iridoviruses. Further methods such as in situ hybridisation allowed objectifying the role played by the pathogen in the determinism of disease, as the cyprinid herpesvirus 2, ostreid herpesvirus 1 and betanodaviruses. Often, a combination of molecular techniques is crucial to understanding the viral role, especially when the virus is detected in a new aquatic animal species. With this paper, the authors would critically revise the scientific literature, dealing with the molecular techniques employed hitherto to study the most relevant finfish and shellfish viral pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/466<i>Herpesvirales</i><i>Iridoviridae</i>sturgeon NCLDVsmolecular methodsnext generation sequencing<i>Nodaviridae</i> |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Volpe Francesca Errani Luciana Mandrioli Sara Ciulli Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution Biology <i>Herpesvirales</i> <i>Iridoviridae</i> sturgeon NCLDVs molecular methods next generation sequencing <i>Nodaviridae</i> |
| title | Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution |
| title_full | Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution |
| title_short | Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods’ Contribution |
| title_sort | advances in viral aquatic animal disease knowledge the molecular methods contribution |
| topic | <i>Herpesvirales</i> <i>Iridoviridae</i> sturgeon NCLDVs molecular methods next generation sequencing <i>Nodaviridae</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/466 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT enricovolpe advancesinviralaquaticanimaldiseaseknowledgethemolecularmethodscontribution AT francescaerrani advancesinviralaquaticanimaldiseaseknowledgethemolecularmethodscontribution AT lucianamandrioli advancesinviralaquaticanimaldiseaseknowledgethemolecularmethodscontribution AT saraciulli advancesinviralaquaticanimaldiseaseknowledgethemolecularmethodscontribution |