Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index
It has been shown that patients with NYHA class I and II have a high morbidity and mortality burden. We investigated the value of a new tissue Doppler index, E/(e′ × s′), to predict cardiac events in the long-term follow-up of patients at an early stage of heart failure (HF). Sequential echocardiogr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/4/409 |
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| author | Ioana Ionac Mihai Andrei Lazar Teodora Hoinoiu Simina Crisan Silvius Alexandru Pescariu Ciprian Nicusor Dima Constantin Tudor Luca Cristian Mornos |
| author_facet | Ioana Ionac Mihai Andrei Lazar Teodora Hoinoiu Simina Crisan Silvius Alexandru Pescariu Ciprian Nicusor Dima Constantin Tudor Luca Cristian Mornos |
| author_sort | Ioana Ionac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been shown that patients with NYHA class I and II have a high morbidity and mortality burden. We investigated the value of a new tissue Doppler index, E/(e′ × s′), to predict cardiac events in the long-term follow-up of patients at an early stage of heart failure (HF). Sequential echocardiography was conducted on a consecutive cohort of 212 hospitalized HF patients, pre-discharged and with three-month follow-up. The primary end point consisted of cardiac death or readmission due to HF worsening. During follow-up, cardiac events occurred in 99 patients (46.7%). The first cardiac event was represented by cardiac death in 8 patients (3.8%) and readmission for HF in 91 patients (42.9%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show a significantly different event-free survival rate between patients with NYHA class I and II. The composite end point was significantly higher in patients with an E/(e′ × s′) >1.6. The E/(e′ × s′) at discharge was the best independent predictor of cardiac events. Those exhibiting an E/(e′ × s′) > 1.6 at discharge, with a subsequent deterioration after three months, displayed the poorest prognosis concerning cardiac events, HF-related rehospitalization, and cardiac mortality (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In early-stage HF patients, an E/(e′ × s′) > 1.6 emerged as a robust predictor of clinical outcomes, especially when coupled with a deterioration in condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:35:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1dc7853e80ae4385b8237a587b84fefc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:35:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1dc7853e80ae4385b8237a587b84fefc2024-02-23T15:13:49ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-02-0114440910.3390/diagnostics14040409Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) IndexIoana Ionac0Mihai Andrei Lazar1Teodora Hoinoiu2Simina Crisan3Silvius Alexandru Pescariu4Ciprian Nicusor Dima5Constantin Tudor Luca6Cristian Mornos7Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment VI Cardiology—Cardiology Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment V, 1st Internal Medicine, Discipline of Clinical Practical Skills, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDoctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment VI Cardiology—Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment VI Cardiology—Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDoctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDoctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaIt has been shown that patients with NYHA class I and II have a high morbidity and mortality burden. We investigated the value of a new tissue Doppler index, E/(e′ × s′), to predict cardiac events in the long-term follow-up of patients at an early stage of heart failure (HF). Sequential echocardiography was conducted on a consecutive cohort of 212 hospitalized HF patients, pre-discharged and with three-month follow-up. The primary end point consisted of cardiac death or readmission due to HF worsening. During follow-up, cardiac events occurred in 99 patients (46.7%). The first cardiac event was represented by cardiac death in 8 patients (3.8%) and readmission for HF in 91 patients (42.9%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show a significantly different event-free survival rate between patients with NYHA class I and II. The composite end point was significantly higher in patients with an E/(e′ × s′) >1.6. The E/(e′ × s′) at discharge was the best independent predictor of cardiac events. Those exhibiting an E/(e′ × s′) > 1.6 at discharge, with a subsequent deterioration after three months, displayed the poorest prognosis concerning cardiac events, HF-related rehospitalization, and cardiac mortality (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In early-stage HF patients, an E/(e′ × s′) > 1.6 emerged as a robust predictor of clinical outcomes, especially when coupled with a deterioration in condition.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/4/409tissue Doppler imagingprognosisearly-stage heart failurecardiac deathrehospitalization |
| spellingShingle | Ioana Ionac Mihai Andrei Lazar Teodora Hoinoiu Simina Crisan Silvius Alexandru Pescariu Ciprian Nicusor Dima Constantin Tudor Luca Cristian Mornos Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index Diagnostics tissue Doppler imaging prognosis early-stage heart failure cardiac death rehospitalization |
| title | Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index |
| title_full | Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index |
| title_fullStr | Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index |
| title_short | Casting Light on Early Heart Failure: Unveiling the Prognostic Potential of the E/(e′ × s′) Index |
| title_sort | casting light on early heart failure unveiling the prognostic potential of the e e s index |
| topic | tissue Doppler imaging prognosis early-stage heart failure cardiac death rehospitalization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/4/409 |
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