Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment
Tuberculosis is a disease known to the mankind for centuries, but still poses a big social problem and a challenge for the twenty-first century medicine. It is estimated that at least 30% of the global population is infected with the tubercle bacillus. The disease develops in 9 million people annu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.
2014-06-01
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| Series: | Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2014-vol-10-no-2/tuberculosis-in-children-from-diagnostics-to-chemoprophylaxis-and-treatment?aid=676 |
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| author | Joanna Kosińska Paweł Górski Iwona Grzelewska-Rzymowska |
| author_facet | Joanna Kosińska Paweł Górski Iwona Grzelewska-Rzymowska |
| author_sort | Joanna Kosińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis is a disease known to the mankind for centuries, but still poses a big social problem and a challenge for the
twenty-first century medicine. It is estimated that at least 30% of the global population is infected with the tubercle bacillus.
The disease develops in 9 million people annually, including 1 million children aged below 15. Tuberculosis in the paediatric
population requires particular attention because the incidence in this age group is a measure of the epidemiological situation
of tuberculosis in a given area. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is particularly difficult due to its sparse and non-specific
symptoms, imitating other diseases and increasing number of cases of mycobacterial infection without clinical, radiological
and microbiological symptoms – so-called latent tuberculosis. If conditions are favourable, latent mycobacterial infection
may develop into an active disease and therefore the authors draw attention to the need for rapid diagnosis of infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and describe the existing diagnostic methods (tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release
assays) as well as indications for chemoprophylaxis and principles of conducting it in children. Moreover, the authors also
emphasise the necessity for a thorough interview and physical examination, analysis of sputum-positive patient’s contacts,
imaging and microbiological tests as well as a significant role of family physicians and paediatricians. Due to the growing
phenomenon of resistance of mycobacteria to different drugs (according to the WHO, the general number of new cases of
MDR-TB and XDR-TB diagnosed in 2012 amounts to 450 thousand), the issue of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as well as
its treatment and available medications are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:54:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ddbfeffc7ee4aec8d11b5168259fd1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1734-1531 2451-0742 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:54:18Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ddbfeffc7ee4aec8d11b5168259fd1e2022-12-21T23:26:39ZengMedical Communications Sp. z o.o.Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna1734-15312451-07422014-06-0110211112710.15557/PiMR.2014.0016Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatmentJoanna Kosińska0Paweł Górski1Iwona Grzelewska-Rzymowska2Internal Medicine Department, Gastrology Subdepartment, M. Pirogow Hospital in Łódź, Poland. Head of the Department: Grażyna Dąbrowska, MD, PhDClinic of Pneumology and Allergology, First Faculty of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Poland. Head of the Clinic: Professor Paweł Górski, MD, PhDClinic of Pneumology and Allergology, First Faculty of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Poland. Head of the Clinic: Professor Paweł Górski, MD, PhDTuberculosis is a disease known to the mankind for centuries, but still poses a big social problem and a challenge for the twenty-first century medicine. It is estimated that at least 30% of the global population is infected with the tubercle bacillus. The disease develops in 9 million people annually, including 1 million children aged below 15. Tuberculosis in the paediatric population requires particular attention because the incidence in this age group is a measure of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in a given area. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is particularly difficult due to its sparse and non-specific symptoms, imitating other diseases and increasing number of cases of mycobacterial infection without clinical, radiological and microbiological symptoms – so-called latent tuberculosis. If conditions are favourable, latent mycobacterial infection may develop into an active disease and therefore the authors draw attention to the need for rapid diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and describe the existing diagnostic methods (tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release assays) as well as indications for chemoprophylaxis and principles of conducting it in children. Moreover, the authors also emphasise the necessity for a thorough interview and physical examination, analysis of sputum-positive patient’s contacts, imaging and microbiological tests as well as a significant role of family physicians and paediatricians. Due to the growing phenomenon of resistance of mycobacteria to different drugs (according to the WHO, the general number of new cases of MDR-TB and XDR-TB diagnosed in 2012 amounts to 450 thousand), the issue of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as well as its treatment and available medications are discussed.http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2014-vol-10-no-2/tuberculosis-in-children-from-diagnostics-to-chemoprophylaxis-and-treatment?aid=676tuberculosis in childrenlatent tuberculosismultidrug-resistant tuberculosisIGRA testsBCG vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Kosińska Paweł Górski Iwona Grzelewska-Rzymowska Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna tuberculosis in children latent tuberculosis multidrug-resistant tuberculosis IGRA tests BCG vaccine |
| title | Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| title_full | Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| title_fullStr | Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| title_short | Tuberculosis in children – from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| title_sort | tuberculosis in children from diagnostics to chemoprophylaxis and treatment |
| topic | tuberculosis in children latent tuberculosis multidrug-resistant tuberculosis IGRA tests BCG vaccine |
| url | http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2014-vol-10-no-2/tuberculosis-in-children-from-diagnostics-to-chemoprophylaxis-and-treatment?aid=676 |
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