Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia
Background and Aim: Although Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are common members of human and animal gut microbiota, their resistance to different antimicrobials makes them important pathogens. Multidrug-resistant enterococci often contaminate foods of animal origin at slaughterhouses....
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Veterinary World
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/March-2022/9.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818284544554434560 |
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| author | Dmitry A. Makarov Olga E. Ivanova Anastasia V. Pomazkova Maria A. Egoreva Olga V. Prasolova Sergey V. Lenev Maria A. Gergel Nataliya K. Bukova Sergey Yu Karabanov |
| author_facet | Dmitry A. Makarov Olga E. Ivanova Anastasia V. Pomazkova Maria A. Egoreva Olga V. Prasolova Sergey V. Lenev Maria A. Gergel Nataliya K. Bukova Sergey Yu Karabanov |
| author_sort | Dmitry A. Makarov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Although Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are common members of human and animal gut microbiota, their resistance to different antimicrobials makes them important pathogens. Multidrug-resistant enterococci often contaminate foods of animal origin at slaughterhouses. The World Health Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health recommend including animal-derived enterococci in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring programs. This study aimed to fill a literature gap by determining the current AMR prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium from different food-producing animals in Russia.
Materials and Methods: Samples of biomaterial were taken from chickens (n=187), cattle (n=155), pigs (n=49), turkeys (n=34), sheep (n=31), and ducks (n=31) raised at 28 farms in 15 regions of Russia. Isolates of E. faecalis (n=277) and of E. faecium (n=210) (487 isolates in total; 1 isolate per sample) were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobials from 11 classes using the broth microdilution method. Three criteria were used for the interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration: Epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) clinical breakpoints. The AMR cloud online platform was used for data processing and statistical analysis.
Results: A difference of >10% was found between E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance to several antimicrobials (erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin). In total, resistance to most antimicrobials for enterococci isolates of both species taken from turkeys, chicken, and pigs was higher than cattle, sheep, and ducks. The highest levels were found for turkeys and the lowest for ducks. Among antimicrobials, resistance to bacitracin and virginiamycin was 88-100% in nearly all cases. High levels of clinical resistance were found for both bacteria species: Rifampicin (44-84%) from all animals, tetracycline (45-100%) from poultry and pigs, and erythromycin (60-100%), ciprofloxacin (23-100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33-53%) from chickens, turkeys, and pigs. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were found. Most isolates were simultaneously resistant to one–three classes of antimicrobials, and they were rarely resistant to more than three antimicrobials or sensitive to all classes.
Conclusion: Differences in resistance between enterococci from different farm animals indicate that antimicrobial application is among the crucial factors determining the level of resistance. Conversely, resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin found in enterococci from farm animals in our study was notably also found in enterococci from wild animals and birds. Our results may be partly explained by the intrinsic resistance of E. faecium and E. faecalis to some antimicrobials, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and bacitracin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T00:54:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1de07c87d7f346e8b7f0f9d795b6a006 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T00:54:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-1de07c87d7f346e8b7f0f9d795b6a0062022-12-22T00:04:50ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162022-03-0115361162110.14202/vetworld.2022.611-621Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in RussiaDmitry A. Makarov0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-0695Olga E. Ivanova1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5030-4876Anastasia V. Pomazkova2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-8373Maria A. Egoreva3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-5195Olga V. Prasolova4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2273Sergey V. Lenev5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-3728Maria A. Gergel6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-1154Nataliya K. Bukova7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-6020Sergey Yu Karabanov8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-4045Department of Food and Feed Safety, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Immunobiological Drugs, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Testing Centre, Federal State Budgetary Institution The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia.Department of Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia.Background and Aim: Although Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are common members of human and animal gut microbiota, their resistance to different antimicrobials makes them important pathogens. Multidrug-resistant enterococci often contaminate foods of animal origin at slaughterhouses. The World Health Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health recommend including animal-derived enterococci in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring programs. This study aimed to fill a literature gap by determining the current AMR prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium from different food-producing animals in Russia. Materials and Methods: Samples of biomaterial were taken from chickens (n=187), cattle (n=155), pigs (n=49), turkeys (n=34), sheep (n=31), and ducks (n=31) raised at 28 farms in 15 regions of Russia. Isolates of E. faecalis (n=277) and of E. faecium (n=210) (487 isolates in total; 1 isolate per sample) were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobials from 11 classes using the broth microdilution method. Three criteria were used for the interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration: Epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) clinical breakpoints. The AMR cloud online platform was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Results: A difference of >10% was found between E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance to several antimicrobials (erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin). In total, resistance to most antimicrobials for enterococci isolates of both species taken from turkeys, chicken, and pigs was higher than cattle, sheep, and ducks. The highest levels were found for turkeys and the lowest for ducks. Among antimicrobials, resistance to bacitracin and virginiamycin was 88-100% in nearly all cases. High levels of clinical resistance were found for both bacteria species: Rifampicin (44-84%) from all animals, tetracycline (45-100%) from poultry and pigs, and erythromycin (60-100%), ciprofloxacin (23-100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33-53%) from chickens, turkeys, and pigs. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were found. Most isolates were simultaneously resistant to one–three classes of antimicrobials, and they were rarely resistant to more than three antimicrobials or sensitive to all classes. Conclusion: Differences in resistance between enterococci from different farm animals indicate that antimicrobial application is among the crucial factors determining the level of resistance. Conversely, resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin found in enterococci from farm animals in our study was notably also found in enterococci from wild animals and birds. Our results may be partly explained by the intrinsic resistance of E. faecium and E. faecalis to some antimicrobials, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and bacitracin.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/March-2022/9.pdfanimalsantimicrobial resistanceenterococcienterococcus faeciumenterococcus faecalislivestock |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry A. Makarov Olga E. Ivanova Anastasia V. Pomazkova Maria A. Egoreva Olga V. Prasolova Sergey V. Lenev Maria A. Gergel Nataliya K. Bukova Sergey Yu Karabanov Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia Veterinary World animals antimicrobial resistance enterococci enterococcus faecium enterococcus faecalis livestock |
| title | Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia |
| title_full | Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia |
| title_short | Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistance of commensal enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from food producing animals in russia |
| topic | animals antimicrobial resistance enterococci enterococcus faecium enterococcus faecalis livestock |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/March-2022/9.pdf |
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