Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
Non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/32 |
| _version_ | 1797498518349283328 |
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| author | Martin Heller Anett Stöcker Rudolf Kawalla Nora Leuning Kay Hameyer Xuefei Wei Gerhard Hirt Lucas Böhm Wolfram Volk Sandra Korte-Kerzel |
| author_facet | Martin Heller Anett Stöcker Rudolf Kawalla Nora Leuning Kay Hameyer Xuefei Wei Gerhard Hirt Lucas Böhm Wolfram Volk Sandra Korte-Kerzel |
| author_sort | Martin Heller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion towards an electricity-based one, these machines become more and more important and, as a consequence, the leverage effect in saving energy by improving efficiency is huge. It is already well established that different applications of an electrical machine have individual requirements for the properties of the NO electrical steel sheets, which in turn result from the microstructures and textures thereof. However, designing and producing tailor-made NO electrical steel sheet is still challenging, because the complex interdependence between processing steps, the different phenomena taking place and the resulting material properties are still not sufficiently understood. This work shows how established, as well as advanced and newly developed characterization methods, can be used to unfold these intricate connections. In this context, the respective characterization methods are explained and applied to NO electrical steel as well as to the typical processing steps. In addition, several experimental results are reviewed to show the strengths of the different methods, as well as their (dis)advantages, typical applications and obtainable data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1de5407129fd4f2bba369220205d5cd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1de5407129fd4f2bba369220205d5cd02023-11-23T11:47:00ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-12-011513210.3390/ma15010032Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced CharacterizationMartin Heller0Anett Stöcker1Rudolf Kawalla2Nora Leuning3Kay Hameyer4Xuefei Wei5Gerhard Hirt6Lucas Böhm7Wolfram Volk8Sandra Korte-Kerzel9Institute of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Physics (IMM), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Metal Forming (IMF), TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg, GermanyInstitute of Metal Forming (IMF), TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg, GermanyInstitute of Electrical Machines (IEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52052 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Electrical Machines (IEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52052 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Metal Forming (IBF), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Metal Forming (IBF), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyChair of Metal Forming and Casting (utg), TU München, 85748 Garching, GermanyChair of Metal Forming and Casting (utg), TU München, 85748 Garching, GermanyInstitute of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Physics (IMM), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyNon-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion towards an electricity-based one, these machines become more and more important and, as a consequence, the leverage effect in saving energy by improving efficiency is huge. It is already well established that different applications of an electrical machine have individual requirements for the properties of the NO electrical steel sheets, which in turn result from the microstructures and textures thereof. However, designing and producing tailor-made NO electrical steel sheet is still challenging, because the complex interdependence between processing steps, the different phenomena taking place and the resulting material properties are still not sufficiently understood. This work shows how established, as well as advanced and newly developed characterization methods, can be used to unfold these intricate connections. In this context, the respective characterization methods are explained and applied to NO electrical steel as well as to the typical processing steps. In addition, several experimental results are reviewed to show the strengths of the different methods, as well as their (dis)advantages, typical applications and obtainable data.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/32characterizationnano-/micromechanicsmicrostructurerecrystallizationXRDmagnetic properties |
| spellingShingle | Martin Heller Anett Stöcker Rudolf Kawalla Nora Leuning Kay Hameyer Xuefei Wei Gerhard Hirt Lucas Böhm Wolfram Volk Sandra Korte-Kerzel Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization Materials characterization nano-/micromechanics microstructure recrystallization XRD magnetic properties |
| title | Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization |
| title_full | Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization |
| title_short | Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization |
| title_sort | characterization methods along the process chain of electrical steel sheet from best practices to advanced characterization |
| topic | characterization nano-/micromechanics microstructure recrystallization XRD magnetic properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/32 |
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