Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy
The complex physical transformations of polymers upon external thermodynamic changes are related to the molecular length of the polymer and its associated multifaceted energetic balance. The understanding of subtle transitions or multistep phase transformation requires real-time phenomenological stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/23/4203 |
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| author | Sarah Saidi Giuseppe Portale Wim Bras Alessandro Longo José Manuel Amigo David Chapron Patrice Bourson Daniel Hermida-Merino |
| author_facet | Sarah Saidi Giuseppe Portale Wim Bras Alessandro Longo José Manuel Amigo David Chapron Patrice Bourson Daniel Hermida-Merino |
| author_sort | Sarah Saidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The complex physical transformations of polymers upon external thermodynamic changes are related to the molecular length of the polymer and its associated multifaceted energetic balance. The understanding of subtle transitions or multistep phase transformation requires real-time phenomenological studies using a multi-technique approach that covers several length-scales and chemical states. A combination of X-ray scattering techniques with Raman spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was conducted to correlate the structural changes from the conformational chain to the polymer crystal and mesoscale organization. Current research applications and the experimental combination of Raman spectroscopy with simultaneous SAXS/WAXS measurements coupled to a DSC is discussed. In particular, we show that in order to obtain the maximum benefit from simultaneously obtained high-quality data sets from different techniques, one should look beyond traditional analysis techniques and instead apply multivariate analysis. Data mining strategies can be applied to develop methods to control polymer processing in an industrial context. Crystallization studies of a PVDF blend with a fluoroelastomer, known to feature complex phase transitions, were used to validate the combined approach and further analyzed by MVA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ded233d98fb4ca5a07dad92e1bd5d10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ded233d98fb4ca5a07dad92e1bd5d102023-11-23T02:54:31ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-11-011323420310.3390/polym13234203Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman SpectroscopySarah Saidi0Giuseppe Portale1Wim Bras2Alessandro Longo3José Manuel Amigo4David Chapron5Patrice Bourson6Daniel Hermida-Merino7Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec, 2 Rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, FranceMacromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, FranceEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, FranceIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, SpainLaboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec, 2 Rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, FranceLaboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec, 2 Rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, FranceLaboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec, 2 Rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, FranceThe complex physical transformations of polymers upon external thermodynamic changes are related to the molecular length of the polymer and its associated multifaceted energetic balance. The understanding of subtle transitions or multistep phase transformation requires real-time phenomenological studies using a multi-technique approach that covers several length-scales and chemical states. A combination of X-ray scattering techniques with Raman spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was conducted to correlate the structural changes from the conformational chain to the polymer crystal and mesoscale organization. Current research applications and the experimental combination of Raman spectroscopy with simultaneous SAXS/WAXS measurements coupled to a DSC is discussed. In particular, we show that in order to obtain the maximum benefit from simultaneously obtained high-quality data sets from different techniques, one should look beyond traditional analysis techniques and instead apply multivariate analysis. Data mining strategies can be applied to develop methods to control polymer processing in an industrial context. Crystallization studies of a PVDF blend with a fluoroelastomer, known to feature complex phase transitions, were used to validate the combined approach and further analyzed by MVA.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/23/4203polymerX-ray scatteringRaman spectroscopycombined techniquesmultivariate analysis |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Saidi Giuseppe Portale Wim Bras Alessandro Longo José Manuel Amigo David Chapron Patrice Bourson Daniel Hermida-Merino Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy Polymers polymer X-ray scattering Raman spectroscopy combined techniques multivariate analysis |
| title | Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | data mining of polymer phase transitions upon temperature changes by small and wide angle x ray scattering combined with raman spectroscopy |
| topic | polymer X-ray scattering Raman spectroscopy combined techniques multivariate analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/23/4203 |
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