Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, X-linked recessive myopathies, predominantly affect males, a clinically significant proportion of females manifesting symptoms have also been reported. They represent an heterogeneou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Medical Genetics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/13/73 |
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| author | Brioschi Simona Gualandi Francesca Scotton Chiara Armaroli Annarita Bovolenta Matteo Falzarano Maria S Sabatelli Patrizia Selvatici Rita D’Amico Adele Pane Marika Ricci Giulia Siciliano Gabriele Tedeschi Silvana Pini Antonella Vercelli Liliana De Grandis Domenico Mercuri Eugenio Bertini Enrico Merlini Luciano Mongini Tiziana Ferlini Alessandra |
| author_facet | Brioschi Simona Gualandi Francesca Scotton Chiara Armaroli Annarita Bovolenta Matteo Falzarano Maria S Sabatelli Patrizia Selvatici Rita D’Amico Adele Pane Marika Ricci Giulia Siciliano Gabriele Tedeschi Silvana Pini Antonella Vercelli Liliana De Grandis Domenico Mercuri Eugenio Bertini Enrico Merlini Luciano Mongini Tiziana Ferlini Alessandra |
| author_sort | Brioschi Simona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, X-linked recessive myopathies, predominantly affect males, a clinically significant proportion of females manifesting symptoms have also been reported. They represent an heterogeneous group characterized by variable degrees of muscle weakness and/or cardiac involvement. Though preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome has long been considered the principal mechanism behind disease manifestation in these females, supporting evidence is controversial.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighteen females showing a mosaic pattern of dystrophin expression on muscle biopsy were recruited and classified as symptomatic (7) or asymptomatic (11), based on the presence or absence of muscle weakness. The causative <it>DMD</it> gene mutations were identified in all cases, and the X-inactivation pattern was assessed in muscle DNA. Transcriptional analysis in muscles was performed in all females, and relative quantification of wild-type and mutated transcripts was also performed in 9 carriers. Dystrophin protein was quantified by immunoblotting in 2 females.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study highlighted a lack of relationship between dystrophic phenotype and X-inactivation pattern in females; skewed X-inactivation was found in 2 out of 6 symptomatic carriers and in 5 out of 11 asymptomatic carriers. All females were characterized by biallelic transcription, but no association was found between X-inactivation pattern and allele transcriptional balancing. Either a prevalence of wild-type transcript or equal proportions of wild-type and mutated RNAs was observed in both symptomatic and asymptomatic females. Moreover, very similar levels of total and wild-type transcripts were identified in the two groups of carriers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first study deeply exploring the <it>DMD</it> transcriptional behaviour in a cohort of female carriers. Notably, no relationship between X-inactivation pattern and transcriptional behaviour of <it>DMD</it> gene was observed, suggesting that the two mechanisms are regulated independently. Moreover, neither the total <it>DMD</it> transcript level, nor the relative proportion of the wild-type transcript do correlate with the symptomatic phenotype.</p> |
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| issn | 1471-2350 |
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| publishDate | 2012-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1df9a4b3d5d44be1b37bee3c77f270e42022-12-22T00:01:32ZengBMCBMC Medical Genetics1471-23502012-08-011317310.1186/1471-2350-13-73Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotypeBrioschi SimonaGualandi FrancescaScotton ChiaraArmaroli AnnaritaBovolenta MatteoFalzarano Maria SSabatelli PatriziaSelvatici RitaD’Amico AdelePane MarikaRicci GiuliaSiciliano GabrieleTedeschi SilvanaPini AntonellaVercelli LilianaDe Grandis DomenicoMercuri EugenioBertini EnricoMerlini LucianoMongini TizianaFerlini Alessandra<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, X-linked recessive myopathies, predominantly affect males, a clinically significant proportion of females manifesting symptoms have also been reported. They represent an heterogeneous group characterized by variable degrees of muscle weakness and/or cardiac involvement. Though preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome has long been considered the principal mechanism behind disease manifestation in these females, supporting evidence is controversial.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighteen females showing a mosaic pattern of dystrophin expression on muscle biopsy were recruited and classified as symptomatic (7) or asymptomatic (11), based on the presence or absence of muscle weakness. The causative <it>DMD</it> gene mutations were identified in all cases, and the X-inactivation pattern was assessed in muscle DNA. Transcriptional analysis in muscles was performed in all females, and relative quantification of wild-type and mutated transcripts was also performed in 9 carriers. Dystrophin protein was quantified by immunoblotting in 2 females.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study highlighted a lack of relationship between dystrophic phenotype and X-inactivation pattern in females; skewed X-inactivation was found in 2 out of 6 symptomatic carriers and in 5 out of 11 asymptomatic carriers. All females were characterized by biallelic transcription, but no association was found between X-inactivation pattern and allele transcriptional balancing. Either a prevalence of wild-type transcript or equal proportions of wild-type and mutated RNAs was observed in both symptomatic and asymptomatic females. Moreover, very similar levels of total and wild-type transcripts were identified in the two groups of carriers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first study deeply exploring the <it>DMD</it> transcriptional behaviour in a cohort of female carriers. Notably, no relationship between X-inactivation pattern and transcriptional behaviour of <it>DMD</it> gene was observed, suggesting that the two mechanisms are regulated independently. Moreover, neither the total <it>DMD</it> transcript level, nor the relative proportion of the wild-type transcript do correlate with the symptomatic phenotype.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/13/73DystrophinopathyFemale carriersX-inactivationTranscriptional balancing |
| spellingShingle | Brioschi Simona Gualandi Francesca Scotton Chiara Armaroli Annarita Bovolenta Matteo Falzarano Maria S Sabatelli Patrizia Selvatici Rita D’Amico Adele Pane Marika Ricci Giulia Siciliano Gabriele Tedeschi Silvana Pini Antonella Vercelli Liliana De Grandis Domenico Mercuri Eugenio Bertini Enrico Merlini Luciano Mongini Tiziana Ferlini Alessandra Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype BMC Medical Genetics Dystrophinopathy Female carriers X-inactivation Transcriptional balancing |
| title | Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype |
| title_full | Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype |
| title_fullStr | Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype |
| title_short | Genetic characterization in symptomatic female DMD carriers: lack of relationship between X-inactivation, transcriptional DMD allele balancing and phenotype |
| title_sort | genetic characterization in symptomatic female dmd carriers lack of relationship between x inactivation transcriptional dmd allele balancing and phenotype |
| topic | Dystrophinopathy Female carriers X-inactivation Transcriptional balancing |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/13/73 |
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