Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi
Background: In the past 26 years since the genocide against the Tutsi, mental illness continues to be the greatest challenges facing the Rwandan population. In the context of the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, there are three different survival status within Rwandan women. Those who were targeted by t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Psychotraumatology |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.2005345 |
| _version_ | 1797844508538306560 |
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| author | Celestin Mutuyimana Cindi Cassady Vincent Sezibera Epaphrodite Nsabimana |
| author_facet | Celestin Mutuyimana Cindi Cassady Vincent Sezibera Epaphrodite Nsabimana |
| author_sort | Celestin Mutuyimana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In the past 26 years since the genocide against the Tutsi, mental illness continues to be the greatest challenges facing the Rwandan population. In the context of the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, there are three different survival status within Rwandan women. Those who were targeted by the genocide referred to as ‘survivors’, those who were in the country during the genocide but were not targeted referred to as ‘non-targeted’, and those who were outside the country referred to as ‘1959 returnees’. All these groups experienced the traumatic events differently. The literature shows that traumatic stress exposure is associated with depression. Objectives: To demonstrate differences in trauma exposure in a sample of mothers and daughters according to their genocide survival status. To examine differences in depression prevalence between these three groups of mothers and daughters as a function of their genocide survival status and place of residence. To examine the relationship between major depression, survival status, place of residence, and trauma exposure in sample of mothers and daughters, including the relationship between mothers’ depression and daughters’ depression. Methods: A sample of 309 dyads of mothers and daughters was recruited. Data were collected using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Life Events Questionnaire and the Social Demographics Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA. Results: There is a significant difference in trauma exposure in three survival categories of mothers and daughters. A 23% of mothers and 18.4% of daughters met criteria for major depression, with urban participants twice as likely to meet criteria as participants from rural areas. Depression was associated with trauma exposure and place of residence in mothers’ and daughters’ samples. Maternal depression was associated with depression in daughters. Conclusions: Family support counselling services and research to identify factors of intergenerational depression are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:23:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e1893c648b84bed8aa0ee55e537cfe8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2000-8066 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:23:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Psychotraumatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e1893c648b84bed8aa0ee55e537cfe82023-04-18T14:59:11ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology2000-80662021-01-0112110.1080/20008198.2021.20053452005345Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the TutsiCelestin Mutuyimana0Cindi Cassady1Vincent Sezibera2Epaphrodite Nsabimana3University of RwandaCaraes Ndera Neuropsychiatric HospitalUniversity of RwandaUniversity of RwandaBackground: In the past 26 years since the genocide against the Tutsi, mental illness continues to be the greatest challenges facing the Rwandan population. In the context of the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, there are three different survival status within Rwandan women. Those who were targeted by the genocide referred to as ‘survivors’, those who were in the country during the genocide but were not targeted referred to as ‘non-targeted’, and those who were outside the country referred to as ‘1959 returnees’. All these groups experienced the traumatic events differently. The literature shows that traumatic stress exposure is associated with depression. Objectives: To demonstrate differences in trauma exposure in a sample of mothers and daughters according to their genocide survival status. To examine differences in depression prevalence between these three groups of mothers and daughters as a function of their genocide survival status and place of residence. To examine the relationship between major depression, survival status, place of residence, and trauma exposure in sample of mothers and daughters, including the relationship between mothers’ depression and daughters’ depression. Methods: A sample of 309 dyads of mothers and daughters was recruited. Data were collected using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Life Events Questionnaire and the Social Demographics Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA. Results: There is a significant difference in trauma exposure in three survival categories of mothers and daughters. A 23% of mothers and 18.4% of daughters met criteria for major depression, with urban participants twice as likely to meet criteria as participants from rural areas. Depression was associated with trauma exposure and place of residence in mothers’ and daughters’ samples. Maternal depression was associated with depression in daughters. Conclusions: Family support counselling services and research to identify factors of intergenerational depression are needed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.2005345depressiontrauma exposureprevalencemothersdaughterssurvivorsnontargeted1959 returnees |
| spellingShingle | Celestin Mutuyimana Cindi Cassady Vincent Sezibera Epaphrodite Nsabimana Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi European Journal of Psychotraumatology depression trauma exposure prevalence mothers daughters survivors nontargeted 1959 returnees |
| title | Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi |
| title_full | Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi |
| title_short | Prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban Rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi |
| title_sort | prevalence and correlates of depression among rural and urban rwandan mothers and their daughters 26 years after the 1994 genocide against the tutsi |
| topic | depression trauma exposure prevalence mothers daughters survivors nontargeted 1959 returnees |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.2005345 |
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