Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon
The exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least one antibiotic of three or more families of antibiotics) as well as extended spectrum β-lactamase-pro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/5/504 |
| _version_ | 1797497061534334976 |
|---|---|
| author | Ravalona Jessica Zemtsa Michel Noubom Luria Leslie Founou Brice Davy Dimani Patrice Landry Koudoum Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi Charles Kouanfack Raspail Carrel Founou |
| author_facet | Ravalona Jessica Zemtsa Michel Noubom Luria Leslie Founou Brice Davy Dimani Patrice Landry Koudoum Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi Charles Kouanfack Raspail Carrel Founou |
| author_sort | Ravalona Jessica Zemtsa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least one antibiotic of three or more families of antibiotics) as well as extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-PE), isolated among clinical and asymptomatically healthy patients, especially in women living with HIV (WLHIV) despite their immunocompromised status. The overarching aim of this study was set to determine the prevalence and characterize genotypically multi-drug resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (MDR-E) and ESBL- PE isolated from vaginal swabs of WLHIV attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted among WLHIV during a four-month periods from 1 February to 31 May 2021. A total of 175 WLHIV, of childbearing age and under antiretroviral treatment were contacted. One hundred and twenty participants (120) were recruited and vaginal swabs were collected from them. After culture on Eosine-Methylen Blue (EMB) agar, the identification of <i>Enterobacterales</i> was performed using API 20E kit. A double-screening of ESBL-PE was performed using a combined disc diffusion method and ROSCO Diagnostica kits. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disc diffusion as per the Kirby-Bauer method and the β-lactamase resistance genes, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-group1-2-9</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> were molecularly characterized using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Overall, 30.83% (37/120) of the included WLHIV were colonized <i>with Enterobacterales</i> and the prevalence of vaginal carriage of MDR <i>Enterobacterales</i> among them was 62.16% (23/37). Among MDR-E isolates, the most prevalent species were <i>E. coli</i> (56.0%; 14/25) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (20.0%; 5/25). High rates of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96.0%; 24/25), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (88.0%; 22/25) and gentamicin (72%; 18/25) were observed. The resistance mechanisms detected among these isolates were ESBL (48.0%; 12/25), ESBL+ porin loss (8.0%; 2/25), ESBL+AmpC (24%; 6/25), with <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-group-1,2,9</sub> being identified at 48.0% (12/25) for each of them and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> at 72.0% (18/25). Our findings confirm the high-prevalence of MDR as well as ESBL-PE isolated in WLHIV, and suggest that a real time monitoring system of antimicrobial resistant bacteria coupled with the reinforcement of infection prevention control (IPC) strategies are needed to sustainably contain these life-threatening pathogens especially in the most vulnerable populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:12:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e25a2991b444c34b64a5597ede0f359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:12:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e25a2991b444c34b64a5597ede0f3592023-11-23T12:31:39ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-04-0111550410.3390/pathogens11050504Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, CameroonRavalona Jessica Zemtsa0Michel Noubom1Luria Leslie Founou2Brice Davy Dimani3Patrice Landry Koudoum4Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi5Charles Kouanfack6Raspail Carrel Founou7Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, CameroonFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, CameroonReproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 67, CameroonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Nkolondom, Yaoundé P.O. Box 188, CameroonFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, CameroonReproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 67, CameroonFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, CameroonFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, CameroonThe exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least one antibiotic of three or more families of antibiotics) as well as extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-PE), isolated among clinical and asymptomatically healthy patients, especially in women living with HIV (WLHIV) despite their immunocompromised status. The overarching aim of this study was set to determine the prevalence and characterize genotypically multi-drug resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (MDR-E) and ESBL- PE isolated from vaginal swabs of WLHIV attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted among WLHIV during a four-month periods from 1 February to 31 May 2021. A total of 175 WLHIV, of childbearing age and under antiretroviral treatment were contacted. One hundred and twenty participants (120) were recruited and vaginal swabs were collected from them. After culture on Eosine-Methylen Blue (EMB) agar, the identification of <i>Enterobacterales</i> was performed using API 20E kit. A double-screening of ESBL-PE was performed using a combined disc diffusion method and ROSCO Diagnostica kits. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disc diffusion as per the Kirby-Bauer method and the β-lactamase resistance genes, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-group1-2-9</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> were molecularly characterized using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Overall, 30.83% (37/120) of the included WLHIV were colonized <i>with Enterobacterales</i> and the prevalence of vaginal carriage of MDR <i>Enterobacterales</i> among them was 62.16% (23/37). Among MDR-E isolates, the most prevalent species were <i>E. coli</i> (56.0%; 14/25) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (20.0%; 5/25). High rates of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96.0%; 24/25), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (88.0%; 22/25) and gentamicin (72%; 18/25) were observed. The resistance mechanisms detected among these isolates were ESBL (48.0%; 12/25), ESBL+ porin loss (8.0%; 2/25), ESBL+AmpC (24%; 6/25), with <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-group-1,2,9</sub> being identified at 48.0% (12/25) for each of them and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> at 72.0% (18/25). Our findings confirm the high-prevalence of MDR as well as ESBL-PE isolated in WLHIV, and suggest that a real time monitoring system of antimicrobial resistant bacteria coupled with the reinforcement of infection prevention control (IPC) strategies are needed to sustainably contain these life-threatening pathogens especially in the most vulnerable populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/5/504antibiotic resistanceEnterobacteralesHIVMDRESBLsCameroon |
| spellingShingle | Ravalona Jessica Zemtsa Michel Noubom Luria Leslie Founou Brice Davy Dimani Patrice Landry Koudoum Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi Charles Kouanfack Raspail Carrel Founou Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon Pathogens antibiotic resistance Enterobacterales HIV MDR ESBLs Cameroon |
| title | Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| title_full | Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| title_short | Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| title_sort | multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β lactamase esbl producing i enterobacterales i isolated from carriage samples among hiv infected women in yaounde cameroon |
| topic | antibiotic resistance Enterobacterales HIV MDR ESBLs Cameroon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/5/504 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ravalonajessicazemtsa multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT michelnoubom multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT lurialesliefounou multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT bricedavydimani multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT patricelandrykoudoum multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT aureliadjeumakombossi multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT charleskouanfack multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon AT raspailcarrelfounou multidrugresistantandextendedspectrumblactamaseesblproducingienterobacteralesiisolatedfromcarriagesamplesamonghivinfectedwomeninyaoundecameroon |