Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013.
<h4>Objective</h4>To identify the risk factors and source of infection leading to human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus in urban and rural areas.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a case-control investigation to identify potential exposures and risk factors. Controls we...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095015&type=printable |
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| author | Fan He Meng Zhang Xinyi Wang Haocheng Wu Xiaopeng Shang Fudong Li Chen Wu Junfen Lin Bao-Ping Zhu |
| author_facet | Fan He Meng Zhang Xinyi Wang Haocheng Wu Xiaopeng Shang Fudong Li Chen Wu Junfen Lin Bao-Ping Zhu |
| author_sort | Fan He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Objective</h4>To identify the risk factors and source of infection leading to human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus in urban and rural areas.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a case-control investigation to identify potential exposures and risk factors. Controls were randomly selected from the same community as the cases using random digit dialing. We used exact conditional logistic regression to evaluate the exposures and risk factors, stratified by urban and rural residence.<h4>Results</h4>Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market was significantly associated with illness onset among both urban [48% of 25 case-patients and 12% of 125 control-persons, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 19, 95% CI: 2.3-929] and rural (33% of 18 case-patients and 8.9% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 13, 95% CI:1.5-∞) residents. In rural area, tending to home-raised poultry (56% of 18 case-patients and 10% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 57, 95% CI: 7.5-∞) and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence (28% of 18 case-patients and 5.6% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 37, 95% CI: 3.8-∞) were also significantly associated with disease onset. Presence of underlying medical conditions was a significant risk factor for urban residents (76% of 25 case-patients and 13% of 125 control-persons, AOR = 49, 95% CI: 7.1-2132).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market is a risk factor for both urban and rural residents, tending to home-raised poultry and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence are risk factors unique for rural residents. The virus might have been in stealth circulation in the poultry population before infecting humans. We recommend strict poultry market management and multisectoral collaboration to identify the extent of poultry infection in China. |
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| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T16:21:48Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1e2936b32752455ea9091f1a477f98bb2025-02-22T05:33:10ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0195e9501510.1371/journal.pone.0095015Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013.Fan HeMeng ZhangXinyi WangHaocheng WuXiaopeng ShangFudong LiChen WuJunfen LinBao-Ping Zhu<h4>Objective</h4>To identify the risk factors and source of infection leading to human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus in urban and rural areas.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a case-control investigation to identify potential exposures and risk factors. Controls were randomly selected from the same community as the cases using random digit dialing. We used exact conditional logistic regression to evaluate the exposures and risk factors, stratified by urban and rural residence.<h4>Results</h4>Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market was significantly associated with illness onset among both urban [48% of 25 case-patients and 12% of 125 control-persons, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 19, 95% CI: 2.3-929] and rural (33% of 18 case-patients and 8.9% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 13, 95% CI:1.5-∞) residents. In rural area, tending to home-raised poultry (56% of 18 case-patients and 10% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 57, 95% CI: 7.5-∞) and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence (28% of 18 case-patients and 5.6% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 37, 95% CI: 3.8-∞) were also significantly associated with disease onset. Presence of underlying medical conditions was a significant risk factor for urban residents (76% of 25 case-patients and 13% of 125 control-persons, AOR = 49, 95% CI: 7.1-2132).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market is a risk factor for both urban and rural residents, tending to home-raised poultry and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence are risk factors unique for rural residents. The virus might have been in stealth circulation in the poultry population before infecting humans. We recommend strict poultry market management and multisectoral collaboration to identify the extent of poultry infection in China.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095015&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Fan He Meng Zhang Xinyi Wang Haocheng Wu Xiaopeng Shang Fudong Li Chen Wu Junfen Lin Bao-Ping Zhu Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. PLoS ONE |
| title | Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. |
| title_full | Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. |
| title_fullStr | Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. |
| title_short | Distinct risk profiles for human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus among rural and urban residents: Zhejiang Province, China, 2013. |
| title_sort | distinct risk profiles for human infections with the influenza a h7n9 virus among rural and urban residents zhejiang province china 2013 |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095015&type=printable |
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