Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice
Heterotrimeric G proteins are the molecule switch that transmits information from external signals to intracellular target proteins in mammals and yeast cells. In higher plants, heterotrimeric G proteins regulate plant architecture. Rice harbors one canonical α subunit gene (<i>RGA1&l...
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3596 |
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| author | Sakura Matsuta Aki Nishiyama Genki Chaya Takafumi Itoh Kotaro Miura Yukimoto Iwasaki |
| author_facet | Sakura Matsuta Aki Nishiyama Genki Chaya Takafumi Itoh Kotaro Miura Yukimoto Iwasaki |
| author_sort | Sakura Matsuta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heterotrimeric G proteins are the molecule switch that transmits information from external signals to intracellular target proteins in mammals and yeast cells. In higher plants, heterotrimeric G proteins regulate plant architecture. Rice harbors one canonical α subunit gene (<i>RGA1</i>), four extra-large GTP-binding protein genes (XLGs), one canonical β-subunit gene (<i>RGB1</i>), and five γ-subunit genes (tentatively designated <i>RGG1</i>, <i>RGG2</i>, <i>RGG3</i>/<i>GS3</i>/<i>Mi</i>/<i>OsGGC1</i>, <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i>, and <i>RGG5</i>/<i>OsGGC2</i>) as components of the heterotrimeric G protein complex. Among the five γ-subunit genes, <i>RGG1</i> encodes the canonical γ-subunit, <i>RGG2</i> encodes a plant-specific type of γ-subunit with additional amino acid residues at the N-terminus, and the remaining three γ-subunit genes encode atypical γ-subunits with cysteine-rich C-termini. We characterized the <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> gene product Gγ4 in the wild type (WT) and truncated protein Gγ4∆Cys in the <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutant, <i>Dn1-1</i>, as littele information regarding the native Gγ4 and Gγ4∆Cys proteins is currently available. Based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, immunoprecipitated Gγ4 candidates were confirmed as actual Gγ4. Similar to α-(Gα) and β-subunits (Gβ), Gγ4 was enriched in the plasma membrane fraction and accumulated in the developing leaf sheath. As <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutants exhibited dwarfism, tissues that accumulated Gγ4 corresponded to the abnormal tissues observed in <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:53:58Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:53:58Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1e31a4dedb5043f18d99a65dd8b0d87c2022-12-22T03:36:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-11-011911359610.3390/ijms19113596ijms19113596Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in RiceSakura Matsuta0Aki Nishiyama1Genki Chaya2Takafumi Itoh3Kotaro Miura4Yukimoto Iwasaki5Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, JapanHeterotrimeric G proteins are the molecule switch that transmits information from external signals to intracellular target proteins in mammals and yeast cells. In higher plants, heterotrimeric G proteins regulate plant architecture. Rice harbors one canonical α subunit gene (<i>RGA1</i>), four extra-large GTP-binding protein genes (XLGs), one canonical β-subunit gene (<i>RGB1</i>), and five γ-subunit genes (tentatively designated <i>RGG1</i>, <i>RGG2</i>, <i>RGG3</i>/<i>GS3</i>/<i>Mi</i>/<i>OsGGC1</i>, <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i>, and <i>RGG5</i>/<i>OsGGC2</i>) as components of the heterotrimeric G protein complex. Among the five γ-subunit genes, <i>RGG1</i> encodes the canonical γ-subunit, <i>RGG2</i> encodes a plant-specific type of γ-subunit with additional amino acid residues at the N-terminus, and the remaining three γ-subunit genes encode atypical γ-subunits with cysteine-rich C-termini. We characterized the <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> gene product Gγ4 in the wild type (WT) and truncated protein Gγ4∆Cys in the <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutant, <i>Dn1-1</i>, as littele information regarding the native Gγ4 and Gγ4∆Cys proteins is currently available. Based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, immunoprecipitated Gγ4 candidates were confirmed as actual Gγ4. Similar to α-(Gα) and β-subunits (Gβ), Gγ4 was enriched in the plasma membrane fraction and accumulated in the developing leaf sheath. As <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutants exhibited dwarfism, tissues that accumulated Gγ4 corresponded to the abnormal tissues observed in <i>RGG4</i>/<i>DEP1</i>/<i>DN1</i>/<i>qPE9-1</i>/<i>OsGGC3</i> mutants.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3596<i>Dn1-1</i>γ-subunitheterotrimeric G proteinmass spectrometry analysisRGG4ricewestern blotting |
| spellingShingle | Sakura Matsuta Aki Nishiyama Genki Chaya Takafumi Itoh Kotaro Miura Yukimoto Iwasaki Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Dn1-1</i> γ-subunit heterotrimeric G protein mass spectrometry analysis RGG4 rice western blotting |
| title | Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice |
| title_full | Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice |
| title_short | Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice |
| title_sort | characterization of heterotrimeric g protein γ4 subunit in rice |
| topic | <i>Dn1-1</i> γ-subunit heterotrimeric G protein mass spectrometry analysis RGG4 rice western blotting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3596 |
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