Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends
Superantigens are virulence factors secreted by microorganisms that can cause various immune diseases, such as overactivating the immune system, resulting in cytokine storms, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have demonstrated that superantigens do not require intracellular...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2313062 |
| _version_ | 1797347264176324608 |
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| author | Pengbo Wang Zina Fredj Hongyong Zhang Guoguang Rong Sumin Bian Mohamad Sawan |
| author_facet | Pengbo Wang Zina Fredj Hongyong Zhang Guoguang Rong Sumin Bian Mohamad Sawan |
| author_sort | Pengbo Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Superantigens are virulence factors secreted by microorganisms that can cause various immune diseases, such as overactivating the immune system, resulting in cytokine storms, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have demonstrated that superantigens do not require intracellular processing and instated bind as intact proteins to the antigen-binding groove of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells, resulting in the activation of T cells with different T-cell receptor Vβ and subsequent overstimulation. To combat superantigen-mediated diseases, researchers have employed different approaches, such as antibodies and simulated peptides. However, due to the complex nature of superantigens, these approaches have not been entirely successful in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. CD28 interacts with members of the B7 molecule family to activate T cells. Its mimicking peptide has been suggested as a potential candidate to block superantigens, but it can lead to reduced T-cell activity while increasing the host’s infection risk. Thus, this review focuses on the use of drug delivery methods to accurately target and block superantigens, while reducing the adverse effects associated with CD28 mimic peptides. We believe that this method has the potential to provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for superantigen-mediated diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:45:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e334f26050046898c59da416739009b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:45:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e334f26050046898c59da416739009b2024-01-25T00:00:09ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562024-01-01202410.1155/2024/2313062Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future TrendsPengbo Wang0Zina Fredj1Hongyong Zhang2Guoguang Rong3Sumin Bian4Mohamad Sawan5CenBRAIN NeurotechCenBRAIN NeurotechCenBRAIN NeurotechCenBRAIN NeurotechCenBRAIN NeurotechCenBRAIN NeurotechSuperantigens are virulence factors secreted by microorganisms that can cause various immune diseases, such as overactivating the immune system, resulting in cytokine storms, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have demonstrated that superantigens do not require intracellular processing and instated bind as intact proteins to the antigen-binding groove of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells, resulting in the activation of T cells with different T-cell receptor Vβ and subsequent overstimulation. To combat superantigen-mediated diseases, researchers have employed different approaches, such as antibodies and simulated peptides. However, due to the complex nature of superantigens, these approaches have not been entirely successful in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. CD28 interacts with members of the B7 molecule family to activate T cells. Its mimicking peptide has been suggested as a potential candidate to block superantigens, but it can lead to reduced T-cell activity while increasing the host’s infection risk. Thus, this review focuses on the use of drug delivery methods to accurately target and block superantigens, while reducing the adverse effects associated with CD28 mimic peptides. We believe that this method has the potential to provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for superantigen-mediated diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2313062 |
| spellingShingle | Pengbo Wang Zina Fredj Hongyong Zhang Guoguang Rong Sumin Bian Mohamad Sawan Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends |
| title_full | Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends |
| title_fullStr | Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends |
| title_short | Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends |
| title_sort | blocking superantigen mediated diseases challenges and future trends |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2313062 |
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