Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene
Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal signaling molecule with important regulatory functions in the plant’s life cycle and adaptation to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses including drought. The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the donor of NO sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 μM) on wheat &l...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Chulpan Allagulova Azamat Avalbaev Alsu Lubyanova Anton Plotnikov Ruslan Yuldashev Oksana Lastochkina |
| author_facet | Chulpan Allagulova Azamat Avalbaev Alsu Lubyanova Anton Plotnikov Ruslan Yuldashev Oksana Lastochkina |
| author_sort | Chulpan Allagulova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal signaling molecule with important regulatory functions in the plant’s life cycle and adaptation to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses including drought. The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the donor of NO sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 μM) on wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. plants subjected to dehydration (PEG-8000, 12%) was investigated. SNP pretreatment stimulated germination and seedling growth in normal conditions and protected them under dehydration. These effects were confirmed by percentage of seed germination, changes in fresh and dry weight of 5–6-day-old seedlings, as well as by seedlings’ linear dimensions, visual appearance, and mitotic index of the root apical meristem. Assessment of the transpiration intensity (TI) and relative water content (RWC) showed that SNP pretreatment helped to maintain the water status of seedlings subjected to dehydration stress. The data obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that the positive effects of SNP may be due to its influence on the phytohormonal system. SNP pretreatment induced an increase in the level of indolylacetic acid (IAA) and especially cytokinins (CK), while essential changes in ABA content were not detected. Water deficiency caused a substantial increase in ABA content and a decrease in the levels of CK and IAA. Pre-sowing SNP treatment decreased stress-induced fluctuations in the content of all studied phytohormones. Using reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), we obtained data on the increase in expression of the <i>TADHN</i> dehydrin gene in SNP-pretreated seedlings under normal and, especially, under dehydration conditions. These findings may indicate the participation of dehydrins in NO-induced defense reactions in wheat plants under water stress. Furthermore, exogenous NO had a stabilizing effect on membrane cellular structures, as evidenced by the reduction of electrolyte leakage (EL) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in dehydrated wheat seedlings under the influence of pre-sowing SNP treatment. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:43:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1e34c2366bda400da70f4b059f7ab0682023-12-08T15:24:02ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-12-011223405110.3390/plants12234051Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin GeneChulpan Allagulova0Azamat Avalbaev1Alsu Lubyanova2Anton Plotnikov3Ruslan Yuldashev4Oksana Lastochkina5Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, RussiaNitric oxide (NO) is a universal signaling molecule with important regulatory functions in the plant’s life cycle and adaptation to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses including drought. The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the donor of NO sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 μM) on wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. plants subjected to dehydration (PEG-8000, 12%) was investigated. SNP pretreatment stimulated germination and seedling growth in normal conditions and protected them under dehydration. These effects were confirmed by percentage of seed germination, changes in fresh and dry weight of 5–6-day-old seedlings, as well as by seedlings’ linear dimensions, visual appearance, and mitotic index of the root apical meristem. Assessment of the transpiration intensity (TI) and relative water content (RWC) showed that SNP pretreatment helped to maintain the water status of seedlings subjected to dehydration stress. The data obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that the positive effects of SNP may be due to its influence on the phytohormonal system. SNP pretreatment induced an increase in the level of indolylacetic acid (IAA) and especially cytokinins (CK), while essential changes in ABA content were not detected. Water deficiency caused a substantial increase in ABA content and a decrease in the levels of CK and IAA. Pre-sowing SNP treatment decreased stress-induced fluctuations in the content of all studied phytohormones. Using reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), we obtained data on the increase in expression of the <i>TADHN</i> dehydrin gene in SNP-pretreated seedlings under normal and, especially, under dehydration conditions. These findings may indicate the participation of dehydrins in NO-induced defense reactions in wheat plants under water stress. Furthermore, exogenous NO had a stabilizing effect on membrane cellular structures, as evidenced by the reduction of electrolyte leakage (EL) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in dehydrated wheat seedlings under the influence of pre-sowing SNP treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/4051<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.nitric oxidedehydrationtranspiration intensityrelative water contentphytohormones |
| spellingShingle | Chulpan Allagulova Azamat Avalbaev Alsu Lubyanova Anton Plotnikov Ruslan Yuldashev Oksana Lastochkina Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene Plants <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. nitric oxide dehydration transpiration intensity relative water content phytohormones |
| title | Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene |
| title_full | Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene |
| title_fullStr | Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene |
| title_short | Nitric Oxide (NO) Improves Wheat Growth under Dehydration Conditions by Regulating Phytohormone Levels and Induction of the Expression of the <i>TADHN</i> Dehydrin Gene |
| title_sort | nitric oxide no improves wheat growth under dehydration conditions by regulating phytohormone levels and induction of the expression of the i tadhn i dehydrin gene |
| topic | <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. nitric oxide dehydration transpiration intensity relative water content phytohormones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/4051 |
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