Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach
In continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4060/2/4/30 |
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| author | Lucas R. Caldas Francesco Pittau Roberto Schaeffer Anna K. E. B. Saraiva Rayane de L. M. Paiva Romildo D. Toledo Filho |
| author_facet | Lucas R. Caldas Francesco Pittau Roberto Schaeffer Anna K. E. B. Saraiva Rayane de L. M. Paiva Romildo D. Toledo Filho |
| author_sort | Lucas R. Caldas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to have a great contribution to building materials’ environmental impacts. Taking into consideration that countries such as China, India, and Brazil, i.e., continental countries, are expecting the largest future housing demand, the issue of transportation will have a crucial role in environmental impacts. Through a Brazilian case study, the present work investigates the potential environmental impacts of structural masonry made of concrete and ceramic blocks certified by the Brazilian Quality Program. A cradle-to-site Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out while considering a country-level approach using data from the literature and Ecoinvent. The results show that ceramic blocks are preferable for most states and scenarios. Human Health and Ecosystem Quality are the two categories most affected by transportation, and they can reach more than 96% and 99%, respectively. The efficiency of the building material transportation system plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A shift in building components from concrete to ceramic blocks has the potential to mitigate between 154 and 229 Mt CO2-eq between 2020 and 2050. The methodological approach used in this work can be applied to other building materials and other countries, especially those of continental dimensions that are expected to have a significant future housing demand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e36a0b6af014ba38b8aae8a7700d559 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4060 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e36a0b6af014ba38b8aae8a7700d5592023-11-23T11:04:12ZengMDPI AGWorld2673-40602021-11-012448250410.3390/world2040030Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level ApproachLucas R. Caldas0Francesco Pittau1Roberto Schaeffer2Anna K. E. B. Saraiva3Rayane de L. M. Paiva4Romildo D. Toledo Filho5Civil Engineering Program (PEC), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, BrazilDepartment of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Via G. Ponzio 31, 20133 Milan, ItalyCentre for Energy and Environmental Economics (CENERGIA), Energy Planning Programme (PPE), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, BrazilCivil Engineering Program (PEC), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, BrazilCivil Engineering Program (PEC), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, BrazilCivil Engineering Program (PEC), COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, BrazilIn continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to have a great contribution to building materials’ environmental impacts. Taking into consideration that countries such as China, India, and Brazil, i.e., continental countries, are expecting the largest future housing demand, the issue of transportation will have a crucial role in environmental impacts. Through a Brazilian case study, the present work investigates the potential environmental impacts of structural masonry made of concrete and ceramic blocks certified by the Brazilian Quality Program. A cradle-to-site Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out while considering a country-level approach using data from the literature and Ecoinvent. The results show that ceramic blocks are preferable for most states and scenarios. Human Health and Ecosystem Quality are the two categories most affected by transportation, and they can reach more than 96% and 99%, respectively. The efficiency of the building material transportation system plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A shift in building components from concrete to ceramic blocks has the potential to mitigate between 154 and 229 Mt CO2-eq between 2020 and 2050. The methodological approach used in this work can be applied to other building materials and other countries, especially those of continental dimensions that are expected to have a significant future housing demand.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4060/2/4/30LCAbuilding materialstransportationconstructionstructural masonryhousing deficit |
| spellingShingle | Lucas R. Caldas Francesco Pittau Roberto Schaeffer Anna K. E. B. Saraiva Rayane de L. M. Paiva Romildo D. Toledo Filho Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach World LCA building materials transportation construction structural masonry housing deficit |
| title | Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach |
| title_full | Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach |
| title_fullStr | Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach |
| title_short | Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach |
| title_sort | concrete vs ceramic blocks environmental impact evaluation considering a country level approach |
| topic | LCA building materials transportation construction structural masonry housing deficit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4060/2/4/30 |
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