Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells
Abstract Nanoparticles have drawn intense interest as delivery agents for diagnosing and treating various cancers. Much of the early success was driven by passive targeting mechanisms such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but this has failed to lead to the expected clinical s...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nano Convergence |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00288-1 |
| _version_ | 1818403050274947072 |
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| author | Elliot Y. Makhani Ailin Zhang Jered B. Haun |
| author_facet | Elliot Y. Makhani Ailin Zhang Jered B. Haun |
| author_sort | Elliot Y. Makhani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nanoparticles have drawn intense interest as delivery agents for diagnosing and treating various cancers. Much of the early success was driven by passive targeting mechanisms such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but this has failed to lead to the expected clinical successes. Active targeting involves binding interactions between the nanoparticle and cancer cells, which promotes tumor cell-specific accumulation and internalization. Furthermore, nanoparticles are large enough to facilitate multiple bond formation, which can improve adhesive properties substantially in comparison to the single bond case. While multivalent binding is universally believed to be an attribute of nanoparticles, it is a complex process that is still poorly understood and difficult to control. In this review, we will first discuss experimental studies that have elucidated roles for parameters such as nanoparticle size and shape, targeting ligand and target receptor densities, and monovalent binding kinetics on multivalent nanoparticle adhesion efficiency and cellular internalization. Although such experimental studies are very insightful, information is limited and confounded by numerous differences across experimental systems. Thus, we focus the second part of the review on theoretical aspects of binding, including kinetics, biomechanics, and transport physics. Finally, we discuss various computational and simulation studies of nanoparticle adhesion, including advanced treatments that compare directly to experimental results. Future work will ideally continue to combine experimental data and advanced computational studies to extend our knowledge of multivalent adhesion, as well as design the most powerful nanoparticle-based agents to treat cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:18:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e37e2fb6d6e419b891dcdfbc0bc7383 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-5404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:18:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano Convergence |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e37e2fb6d6e419b891dcdfbc0bc73832022-12-21T23:09:52ZengSpringerOpenNano Convergence2196-54042021-11-018112310.1186/s40580-021-00288-1Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cellsElliot Y. Makhani0Ailin Zhang1Jered B. Haun2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California IrvineDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California IrvineDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California IrvineAbstract Nanoparticles have drawn intense interest as delivery agents for diagnosing and treating various cancers. Much of the early success was driven by passive targeting mechanisms such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but this has failed to lead to the expected clinical successes. Active targeting involves binding interactions between the nanoparticle and cancer cells, which promotes tumor cell-specific accumulation and internalization. Furthermore, nanoparticles are large enough to facilitate multiple bond formation, which can improve adhesive properties substantially in comparison to the single bond case. While multivalent binding is universally believed to be an attribute of nanoparticles, it is a complex process that is still poorly understood and difficult to control. In this review, we will first discuss experimental studies that have elucidated roles for parameters such as nanoparticle size and shape, targeting ligand and target receptor densities, and monovalent binding kinetics on multivalent nanoparticle adhesion efficiency and cellular internalization. Although such experimental studies are very insightful, information is limited and confounded by numerous differences across experimental systems. Thus, we focus the second part of the review on theoretical aspects of binding, including kinetics, biomechanics, and transport physics. Finally, we discuss various computational and simulation studies of nanoparticle adhesion, including advanced treatments that compare directly to experimental results. Future work will ideally continue to combine experimental data and advanced computational studies to extend our knowledge of multivalent adhesion, as well as design the most powerful nanoparticle-based agents to treat cancer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00288-1NanoparticleTargetingMultivalent adhesionsBond biophysicsSimulation |
| spellingShingle | Elliot Y. Makhani Ailin Zhang Jered B. Haun Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells Nano Convergence Nanoparticle Targeting Multivalent adhesions Bond biophysics Simulation |
| title | Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| title_full | Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| title_short | Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| title_sort | quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells |
| topic | Nanoparticle Targeting Multivalent adhesions Bond biophysics Simulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00288-1 |
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