TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system
Abstract This paper outlines a new method of a location service (LCS) in the asynchronous wireless networks (AWNs) where the nodes (base stations) operate asynchronously in relation to one another. This method, called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables the calculation of the po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-07-01
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| Series: | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13638-018-1191-5 |
| _version_ | 1818560975257731072 |
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| author | Jacek Stefanski Jaroslaw Sadowski |
| author_facet | Jacek Stefanski Jaroslaw Sadowski |
| author_sort | Jacek Stefanski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper outlines a new method of a location service (LCS) in the asynchronous wireless networks (AWNs) where the nodes (base stations) operate asynchronously in relation to one another. This method, called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables the calculation of the position of the mobile object (MO) through the measurements taken by a set of non-synchronized fixed nodes and is based on the measurement of the virtual distance difference between the reference nodes and the several MO positions (more than two), as well as on the solution of a nonlinear system of equations. The novelty of the proposed solution is using the measurements taken by at least five ground sensors without time synchronization between them to estimate the position of the tracked MO transmitting four or more sounding signals in random time. The new method significantly simplifies the localization process in real-life AWNs. It can be used on its own or to complement the traditional synchronous method. The paper focuses on the description of the proposed ATDOA method, two algorithms TS-LS (Taylor series least-squares) and GA (genetic algorithm) for solving the nonlinear system of equations, example application of the new method for a three-dimensional space, and presentation of the simulation models and simulation results. An important part of the paper is the comparison of the efficiency between the asynchronous method and the synchronous one for wide area multilateration (WAM) system. In addition, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for this problem as a benchmark. The preliminary measurement results obtained by applying the proposed ATDOA method against the background of the synchronous one are presented at the end of the paper. As it could be expected, the synchronous solution gives better results. The synchronous method allows to locate the aircraft within 15 m in about 80% of the time, while the ATDOA method in 74% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−9, and in 58% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−8. The new method therefore should not be treated as the improvement of the existing synchronous positioning systems but as a backup solution which allows to keep the LCS systems running even during ground stations synchronization failure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:45:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e44114a64634fcbbb2e6312787caa05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1687-1499 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:45:08Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e44114a64634fcbbb2e6312787caa052022-12-21T23:24:09ZengSpringerOpenEURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking1687-14992018-07-012018111310.1186/s13638-018-1191-5TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration systemJacek Stefanski0Jaroslaw Sadowski1Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Radio Communication Systems and Networks, Gdansk University of TechnologyFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Radio Communication Systems and Networks, Gdansk University of TechnologyAbstract This paper outlines a new method of a location service (LCS) in the asynchronous wireless networks (AWNs) where the nodes (base stations) operate asynchronously in relation to one another. This method, called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables the calculation of the position of the mobile object (MO) through the measurements taken by a set of non-synchronized fixed nodes and is based on the measurement of the virtual distance difference between the reference nodes and the several MO positions (more than two), as well as on the solution of a nonlinear system of equations. The novelty of the proposed solution is using the measurements taken by at least five ground sensors without time synchronization between them to estimate the position of the tracked MO transmitting four or more sounding signals in random time. The new method significantly simplifies the localization process in real-life AWNs. It can be used on its own or to complement the traditional synchronous method. The paper focuses on the description of the proposed ATDOA method, two algorithms TS-LS (Taylor series least-squares) and GA (genetic algorithm) for solving the nonlinear system of equations, example application of the new method for a three-dimensional space, and presentation of the simulation models and simulation results. An important part of the paper is the comparison of the efficiency between the asynchronous method and the synchronous one for wide area multilateration (WAM) system. In addition, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for this problem as a benchmark. The preliminary measurement results obtained by applying the proposed ATDOA method against the background of the synchronous one are presented at the end of the paper. As it could be expected, the synchronous solution gives better results. The synchronous method allows to locate the aircraft within 15 m in about 80% of the time, while the ATDOA method in 74% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−9, and in 58% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−8. The new method therefore should not be treated as the improvement of the existing synchronous positioning systems but as a backup solution which allows to keep the LCS systems running even during ground stations synchronization failure.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13638-018-1191-5Asynchronous modeRadio navigationWireless sensor networksTDOAATDOAWAM |
| spellingShingle | Jacek Stefanski Jaroslaw Sadowski TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Asynchronous mode Radio navigation Wireless sensor networks TDOA ATDOA WAM |
| title | TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system |
| title_full | TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system |
| title_fullStr | TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system |
| title_full_unstemmed | TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system |
| title_short | TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system |
| title_sort | tdoa versus atdoa for wide area multilateration system |
| topic | Asynchronous mode Radio navigation Wireless sensor networks TDOA ATDOA WAM |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13638-018-1191-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jacekstefanski tdoaversusatdoaforwideareamultilaterationsystem AT jaroslawsadowski tdoaversusatdoaforwideareamultilaterationsystem |