African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest
<p>The long-range transport (LRT) of trace gases and aerosol particles plays an important role for the composition of the Amazonian rain forest atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols originate to a substantial extent from LRT sources and play an important role in the Amazonian atmosphere as strongly...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Copernicus Publications
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10391/2018/acp-18-10391-2018.pdf |
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| author | J. Saturno F. Ditas M. Penning de Vries B. A. Holanda M. L. Pöhlker S. Carbone S. Carbone D. Walter N. Bobrowski N. Bobrowski J. Brito J. Brito X. Chi A. Gutmann I. Hrabe de Angelis L. A. T. Machado D. Moran-Zuloaga J. Rüdiger J. Schneider C. Schulz Q. Wang M. Wendisch P. Artaxo T. Wagner U. Pöschl M. O. Andreae M. O. Andreae C. Pöhlker |
| author_facet | J. Saturno F. Ditas M. Penning de Vries B. A. Holanda M. L. Pöhlker S. Carbone S. Carbone D. Walter N. Bobrowski N. Bobrowski J. Brito J. Brito X. Chi A. Gutmann I. Hrabe de Angelis L. A. T. Machado D. Moran-Zuloaga J. Rüdiger J. Schneider C. Schulz Q. Wang M. Wendisch P. Artaxo T. Wagner U. Pöschl M. O. Andreae M. O. Andreae C. Pöhlker |
| author_sort | J. Saturno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The long-range transport (LRT) of trace gases and aerosol particles plays an
important role for the composition of the Amazonian rain forest atmosphere.
Sulfate aerosols originate to a substantial extent from LRT sources and play
an important role in the Amazonian atmosphere as strongly light-scattering
particles and effective cloud condensation nuclei. The transatlantic
transport of volcanic sulfur emissions from Africa has been considered as a
source of particulate sulfate in the Amazon; however, direct observations
have been lacking so far. This study provides observational evidence for the
influence of emissions from the Nyamuragira–Nyiragongo volcanoes in Africa
on Amazonian aerosol properties and atmospheric composition during September
2014. Comprehensive ground-based and airborne aerosol measurements together
with satellite observations are used to investigate the volcanic event. Under
the volcanic influence, hourly mean sulfate mass concentrations in the
submicron size range reached up to 3.6 µg m<sup>−3</sup> at the Amazon
Tall Tower Observatory, the highest value ever reported in the Amazon region.
The substantial sulfate injection increased the aerosol hygroscopicity with
<i>κ</i> values up to 0.36, thus altering aerosol–cloud interactions over
the rain forest. Airborne measurements and satellite data indicate that the
transatlantic transport of volcanogenic aerosols occurred in two major
volcanic plumes with a sulfate-enhanced layer between 4 and 5 km of
altitude. This study demonstrates how African aerosol sources, such as
volcanic sulfur emissions, can substantially affect the aerosol cycling and
atmospheric processes in Amazonia.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:41:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e59434b44b1479e9a2f04934cdadfb3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e59434b44b1479e9a2f04934cdadfb32022-12-21T19:02:00ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-07-0118103911040510.5194/acp-18-10391-2018African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forestJ. Saturno0F. Ditas1M. Penning de Vries2B. A. Holanda3M. L. Pöhlker4S. Carbone5S. Carbone6D. Walter7N. Bobrowski8N. Bobrowski9J. Brito10J. Brito11X. Chi12A. Gutmann13I. Hrabe de Angelis14L. A. T. Machado15D. Moran-Zuloaga16J. Rüdiger17J. Schneider18C. Schulz19Q. Wang20M. Wendisch21P. Artaxo22T. Wagner23U. Pöschl24M. O. Andreae25M. O. Andreae26C. Pöhlker27Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, BrazilBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyInstitute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratory for Meteorological Physics, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceInstitute for Climate and Global Change Research & School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyCentro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, BrazilBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyAtmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyInstitute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, ChinaLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Stephanstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyBiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, GermanyScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92098, USABiogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Particle Chemistry Departments, and Satellite Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany<p>The long-range transport (LRT) of trace gases and aerosol particles plays an important role for the composition of the Amazonian rain forest atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols originate to a substantial extent from LRT sources and play an important role in the Amazonian atmosphere as strongly light-scattering particles and effective cloud condensation nuclei. The transatlantic transport of volcanic sulfur emissions from Africa has been considered as a source of particulate sulfate in the Amazon; however, direct observations have been lacking so far. This study provides observational evidence for the influence of emissions from the Nyamuragira–Nyiragongo volcanoes in Africa on Amazonian aerosol properties and atmospheric composition during September 2014. Comprehensive ground-based and airborne aerosol measurements together with satellite observations are used to investigate the volcanic event. Under the volcanic influence, hourly mean sulfate mass concentrations in the submicron size range reached up to 3.6 µg m<sup>−3</sup> at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory, the highest value ever reported in the Amazon region. The substantial sulfate injection increased the aerosol hygroscopicity with <i>κ</i> values up to 0.36, thus altering aerosol–cloud interactions over the rain forest. Airborne measurements and satellite data indicate that the transatlantic transport of volcanogenic aerosols occurred in two major volcanic plumes with a sulfate-enhanced layer between 4 and 5 km of altitude. This study demonstrates how African aerosol sources, such as volcanic sulfur emissions, can substantially affect the aerosol cycling and atmospheric processes in Amazonia.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10391/2018/acp-18-10391-2018.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Saturno F. Ditas M. Penning de Vries B. A. Holanda M. L. Pöhlker S. Carbone S. Carbone D. Walter N. Bobrowski N. Bobrowski J. Brito J. Brito X. Chi A. Gutmann I. Hrabe de Angelis L. A. T. Machado D. Moran-Zuloaga J. Rüdiger J. Schneider C. Schulz Q. Wang M. Wendisch P. Artaxo T. Wagner U. Pöschl M. O. Andreae M. O. Andreae C. Pöhlker African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest |
| title_full | African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest |
| title_fullStr | African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest |
| title_short | African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest |
| title_sort | african volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the amazon rain forest |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10391/2018/acp-18-10391-2018.pdf |
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