Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic
The physiopathologic characteristics of COVID-19 (high levels of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell reduction) promote fungal colonization and infection, which can go unnoticed because the symptoms in both diseases are very similar. The objective of this work was to study the current epidemiology of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/556 |
| _version_ | 1827687414970187776 |
|---|---|
| author | María Guadalupe Frías-De-León Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Rigoberto Hernández-Castro Eduardo García-Salazar Patricia Meza-Meneses Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira Roberto Arenas Esther Conde-Cuevas Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano Erick Martínez-Herrera |
| author_facet | María Guadalupe Frías-De-León Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Rigoberto Hernández-Castro Eduardo García-Salazar Patricia Meza-Meneses Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira Roberto Arenas Esther Conde-Cuevas Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano Erick Martínez-Herrera |
| author_sort | María Guadalupe Frías-De-León |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The physiopathologic characteristics of COVID-19 (high levels of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell reduction) promote fungal colonization and infection, which can go unnoticed because the symptoms in both diseases are very similar. The objective of this work was to study the current epidemiology of systemic mycosis in COVID-19 times. A literature search on the subject (January 2020–February 2021) was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS without language restrictions. Demographic data, etiological agent, risk factors, diagnostic methods, antifungal treatment, and fatality rate were considered. Eighty nine publications were found on co-infection by COVID-19 and pneumocystosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, coccidioidomycosis, or histoplasmosis. In general, the co-infections occurred in males over the age of 40 with immunosuppression caused by various conditions. Several species were identified in candidiasis and aspergillosis co-infections. For diagnosis, diverse methods were used, from microbiological to molecular. Most patients received antifungals; however, the fatality rates were 11–100%. The latter may result because the clinical picture is usually attributed exclusively to SARS-CoV-2, preventing a clinical suspicion for mycosis. Diagnostic tests also have limitations beginning with sampling. Therefore, in the remainder of the pandemic, these diagnostic limitations must be overcome to achieve a better patient prognosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:35:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e59ecd10ff3421388fea56dc3dacec8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:35:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e59ecd10ff3421388fea56dc3dacec82023-11-22T04:10:01ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-07-017755610.3390/jof7070556Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 PandemicMaría Guadalupe Frías-De-León0Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán1Rigoberto Hernández-Castro2Eduardo García-Salazar3Patricia Meza-Meneses4Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira5Roberto Arenas6Esther Conde-Cuevas7Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano8Erick Martínez-Herrera9Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Estado de México, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Estado de México, MexicoDepartamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México PC 14080, Estado de México, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Estado de México, MexicoMaestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México PC 11340, Estado de México, MexicoEfficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, PC 36213 Vigo, SpainEfficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, PC 36213 Vigo, SpainMaestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México PC 11340, Estado de México, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Estado de México, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Estado de México, MexicoThe physiopathologic characteristics of COVID-19 (high levels of inflammatory cytokines and T-cell reduction) promote fungal colonization and infection, which can go unnoticed because the symptoms in both diseases are very similar. The objective of this work was to study the current epidemiology of systemic mycosis in COVID-19 times. A literature search on the subject (January 2020–February 2021) was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS without language restrictions. Demographic data, etiological agent, risk factors, diagnostic methods, antifungal treatment, and fatality rate were considered. Eighty nine publications were found on co-infection by COVID-19 and pneumocystosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, coccidioidomycosis, or histoplasmosis. In general, the co-infections occurred in males over the age of 40 with immunosuppression caused by various conditions. Several species were identified in candidiasis and aspergillosis co-infections. For diagnosis, diverse methods were used, from microbiological to molecular. Most patients received antifungals; however, the fatality rates were 11–100%. The latter may result because the clinical picture is usually attributed exclusively to SARS-CoV-2, preventing a clinical suspicion for mycosis. Diagnostic tests also have limitations beginning with sampling. Therefore, in the remainder of the pandemic, these diagnostic limitations must be overcome to achieve a better patient prognosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/556co-infectionCOVID-19systemic mycosespneumocystosiscandidiasisaspergillosis |
| spellingShingle | María Guadalupe Frías-De-León Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Rigoberto Hernández-Castro Eduardo García-Salazar Patricia Meza-Meneses Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira Roberto Arenas Esther Conde-Cuevas Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano Erick Martínez-Herrera Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic Journal of Fungi co-infection COVID-19 systemic mycoses pneumocystosis candidiasis aspergillosis |
| title | Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full | Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_short | Epidemiology of Systemic Mycoses in the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_sort | epidemiology of systemic mycoses in the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | co-infection COVID-19 systemic mycoses pneumocystosis candidiasis aspergillosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/556 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaguadalupefriasdeleon epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT rodolfopintoalmazan epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT rigobertohernandezcastro epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT eduardogarciasalazar epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT patriciamezameneses epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT carmenrodriguezcerdeira epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT robertoarenas epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT esthercondecuevas epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT gustavoacostaaltamirano epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic AT erickmartinezherrera epidemiologyofsystemicmycosesinthecovid19pandemic |