Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level
Summary Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently considered the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. In the major citrus‐growing areas in Asia and the US, the major causal agent of HLB is the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). CLas is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Microbial Biotechnology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13914 |
| _version_ | 1811272668774662144 |
|---|---|
| author | Qian Chen Zhiqiang Li Shulin Liu Yunhua Chi Dongsheng Jia Taiyun Wei |
| author_facet | Qian Chen Zhiqiang Li Shulin Liu Yunhua Chi Dongsheng Jia Taiyun Wei |
| author_sort | Qian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently considered the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. In the major citrus‐growing areas in Asia and the US, the major causal agent of HLB is the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). CLas is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in a persistent propagative manner. CLas cannot be cultured in vitro because of its unclear growth factors, leading to uncertainty in the infection mechanism of CLas at the cellular level in citrus and in D. citri. To characterize the detailed infection of CLas in the host and vector, the incidence of HLB was first investigated in citrus‐growing fields in Fujian Province, China. It was found that the positive association of the level of CLas infection in the leaves correlated with the symptoms. Then antibodies against peptides of the outer membrane protein (OMP) of CLas were prepared and tested. The antibodies OMP‐225, OMP‐333 and OMP724 showed specificity to citrus plants in western blot analyses, whereas the antibodies OMP‐47 and OMP‐225 displayed specificity to the D. citri vector. The application of OMP‐225 in the immunofluorescence assay indicated that CLas was located in and distributed throughout the phloem sieve cells of the leaf midribs and axile placenta of the fruit. CLas also infected the epithelial cells and visceral muscles of the alimentary canal of D. citri. The application of OMP‐333 in immunoelectron microscopy indicated the round or oval CLas in the sieve cells of leaf midribs and axile placenta of fruit as well as in the epithelial cells and reticular tissue of D. citri alimentary canal. These results provide a reliable means for HLB detection, and enlighten a strategy via neutralizing OMP to control HLB. These findings also provide insight for the further investigation on CLas infection and pathogenesis, as well as CLas–vector interaction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:44:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e7a12e93e8c42b99a6145c8559e8e83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:44:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbial Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e7a12e93e8c42b99a6145c8559e8e832022-12-22T03:13:34ZengWileyMicrobial Biotechnology1751-79152022-04-011541221123410.1111/1751-7915.13914Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular levelQian Chen0Zhiqiang Li1Shulin Liu2Yunhua Chi3Dongsheng Jia4Taiyun Wei5Vector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaVector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaVector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaVector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaVector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaVector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 ChinaSummary Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently considered the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. In the major citrus‐growing areas in Asia and the US, the major causal agent of HLB is the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). CLas is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in a persistent propagative manner. CLas cannot be cultured in vitro because of its unclear growth factors, leading to uncertainty in the infection mechanism of CLas at the cellular level in citrus and in D. citri. To characterize the detailed infection of CLas in the host and vector, the incidence of HLB was first investigated in citrus‐growing fields in Fujian Province, China. It was found that the positive association of the level of CLas infection in the leaves correlated with the symptoms. Then antibodies against peptides of the outer membrane protein (OMP) of CLas were prepared and tested. The antibodies OMP‐225, OMP‐333 and OMP724 showed specificity to citrus plants in western blot analyses, whereas the antibodies OMP‐47 and OMP‐225 displayed specificity to the D. citri vector. The application of OMP‐225 in the immunofluorescence assay indicated that CLas was located in and distributed throughout the phloem sieve cells of the leaf midribs and axile placenta of the fruit. CLas also infected the epithelial cells and visceral muscles of the alimentary canal of D. citri. The application of OMP‐333 in immunoelectron microscopy indicated the round or oval CLas in the sieve cells of leaf midribs and axile placenta of fruit as well as in the epithelial cells and reticular tissue of D. citri alimentary canal. These results provide a reliable means for HLB detection, and enlighten a strategy via neutralizing OMP to control HLB. These findings also provide insight for the further investigation on CLas infection and pathogenesis, as well as CLas–vector interaction.https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13914 |
| spellingShingle | Qian Chen Zhiqiang Li Shulin Liu Yunhua Chi Dongsheng Jia Taiyun Wei Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level Microbial Biotechnology |
| title | Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| title_full | Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| title_fullStr | Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| title_short | Infection and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| title_sort | infection and distribution of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus in citrus plants and psyllid vectors at the cellular level |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13914 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qianchen infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel AT zhiqiangli infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel AT shulinliu infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel AT yunhuachi infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel AT dongshengjia infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel AT taiyunwei infectionanddistributionofcandidatusliberibacterasiaticusincitrusplantsandpsyllidvectorsatthecellularlevel |