How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies
Background: Maternal care refers to the behavior performed by the dam to nourish and protect her litter during its early development. Frequent and high-quality performance of such maternal behaviors is critical for the neurodevelopment of the pups. Maternal exposure to stress during early developmen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00197/full |
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| author | Rodrigo Orso Rodrigo Orso Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Thiago Wendt Viola Thiago Wendt Viola Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Fernando Benetti Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira |
| author_facet | Rodrigo Orso Rodrigo Orso Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Thiago Wendt Viola Thiago Wendt Viola Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Fernando Benetti Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira |
| author_sort | Rodrigo Orso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Maternal care refers to the behavior performed by the dam to nourish and protect her litter during its early development. Frequent and high-quality performance of such maternal behaviors is critical for the neurodevelopment of the pups. Maternal exposure to stress during early development can impair maternal care and amplify the deleterious effects of poor maternal caregiving and neglect. As such, a thorough understanding of the effects caused by several models of early life stress on maternal care may yield more insights into the relationship between stress and maternal behavior.Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify and address the effects of early life stress on maternal behavior. The search was conducted using three online databases: PUBMED, Embase, and Web of Science. To provide clear evidence of the impact of stress on maternal care, in every study, the stress group was always compared to a control group. Outcomes were categorized into eight different behaviors: (1) licking/grooming; (2) arched-back nursing; (3) blanket-nursing/passive nursing; (4) nest building; (5) contact with pups; (6) harmful/adverse caregiving; (7) no contact; (8) nest exits. Additionally, the methodological quality of the studies was evaluated.Results: A total of 12 different early life stress protocols were identified from the 56 studies included in this systematic review. Our data demonstrate that different stress models can promote specific maternal patterns of behavior. Regarding the maternal separation protocol, we observed an overall increase in nursing and licking/grooming behaviors, which are essential for pup development. An increase in the number of nest exits, which represents a fragmentation of maternal care, was observed in the limited bedding protocol, but the total amount of maternal care appears to remain similar between groups.Conclusions: Each stress protocol has unique characteristics that increase the difficulty of rendering comparisons of maternal behavior. The increase in maternal care observed in the maternal separation protocol may be an attempt to overcompensate for the time off-nest. Fragmented maternal care is a key component of the limited bedding protocol. Moreover, the methodological approaches to evaluate maternal behavior, such as time, duration, and behavior type should be more homogeneous across studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:50:28Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:50:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e7a5aacf15742c3996ea79b9bec5ff42022-12-21T18:23:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532019-08-011310.3389/fnbeh.2019.00197455364How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent StudiesRodrigo Orso0Rodrigo Orso1Kerstin Camile Creutzberg2Kerstin Camile Creutzberg3Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva4Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva5Thiago Wendt Viola6Thiago Wendt Viola7Saulo Gantes Tractenberg8Saulo Gantes Tractenberg9Fernando Benetti10Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira11Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira12Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilLaboratório de Neurofisiologia Cognitiva e do Desenvolvimento, Department of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, BrazilDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, BrazilBackground: Maternal care refers to the behavior performed by the dam to nourish and protect her litter during its early development. Frequent and high-quality performance of such maternal behaviors is critical for the neurodevelopment of the pups. Maternal exposure to stress during early development can impair maternal care and amplify the deleterious effects of poor maternal caregiving and neglect. As such, a thorough understanding of the effects caused by several models of early life stress on maternal care may yield more insights into the relationship between stress and maternal behavior.Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify and address the effects of early life stress on maternal behavior. The search was conducted using three online databases: PUBMED, Embase, and Web of Science. To provide clear evidence of the impact of stress on maternal care, in every study, the stress group was always compared to a control group. Outcomes were categorized into eight different behaviors: (1) licking/grooming; (2) arched-back nursing; (3) blanket-nursing/passive nursing; (4) nest building; (5) contact with pups; (6) harmful/adverse caregiving; (7) no contact; (8) nest exits. Additionally, the methodological quality of the studies was evaluated.Results: A total of 12 different early life stress protocols were identified from the 56 studies included in this systematic review. Our data demonstrate that different stress models can promote specific maternal patterns of behavior. Regarding the maternal separation protocol, we observed an overall increase in nursing and licking/grooming behaviors, which are essential for pup development. An increase in the number of nest exits, which represents a fragmentation of maternal care, was observed in the limited bedding protocol, but the total amount of maternal care appears to remain similar between groups.Conclusions: Each stress protocol has unique characteristics that increase the difficulty of rendering comparisons of maternal behavior. The increase in maternal care observed in the maternal separation protocol may be an attempt to overcompensate for the time off-nest. Fragmented maternal care is a key component of the limited bedding protocol. Moreover, the methodological approaches to evaluate maternal behavior, such as time, duration, and behavior type should be more homogeneous across studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00197/fullearly life stressmaternal carematernal behaviorrodentsystematic reviewpostnatal stress |
| spellingShingle | Rodrigo Orso Rodrigo Orso Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Kerstin Camile Creutzberg Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva Thiago Wendt Viola Thiago Wendt Viola Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Saulo Gantes Tractenberg Fernando Benetti Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience early life stress maternal care maternal behavior rodent systematic review postnatal stress |
| title | How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies |
| title_full | How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies |
| title_fullStr | How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies |
| title_short | How Early Life Stress Impact Maternal Care: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies |
| title_sort | how early life stress impact maternal care a systematic review of rodent studies |
| topic | early life stress maternal care maternal behavior rodent systematic review postnatal stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00197/full |
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