Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions
A total of 120 highly diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes, including indigenous and exotic lines, were evaluated for different biochemical traits using AOAC official methods of analysis and other standard methods. The results exhibited wide variability in the content of proteins (...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.888041/full |
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| author | Siddhant Ranjan Padhi Arti Bartwal Racheal John Kuldeep Tripathi Kavita Gupta Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede Gyan Prakash Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Sunil Archak Rakesh Bhardwaj |
| author_facet | Siddhant Ranjan Padhi Arti Bartwal Racheal John Kuldeep Tripathi Kavita Gupta Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede Gyan Prakash Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Sunil Archak Rakesh Bhardwaj |
| author_sort | Siddhant Ranjan Padhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A total of 120 highly diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes, including indigenous and exotic lines, were evaluated for different biochemical traits using AOAC official methods of analysis and other standard methods. The results exhibited wide variability in the content of proteins (ranging from 19.4 to 27.9%), starch (from 27.5 to 42.7 g 100 g−1), amylose (from 9.65 to 21.7 g 100 g−1), TDF (from 13.7 to 21.1 g 100 g−1), and TSS (from 1.30 to 8.73 g 100 g−1). The concentration of anti-nutritional compounds like phenols and phytic acid ranged from 0.026 to 0.832 g 100 g−1 and 0.690 to 1.88 g 100 g−1, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the traits was calculated to understand the inter-trait relationship. Multivariate analysis (PCA and HCA) was performed to identify the major traits contributing to variability and group accessions with a similar profile. The first three principal components, i.e., PC1, PC2, and PC3, contributed to 62.7% of the variation, where maximum loadings were from starch, followed by protein, phytic acid, and dietary fiber. HCA formed six distinct clusters at a squared Euclidean distance of 5. Accessions in cluster I had high TDF and low TSS content, while cluster II was characterized by low amylose content. Accessions in cluster III had high starch, low protein, and phytic acid, whereas accessions in cluster IV contained high TSS, phenol, and low phytic acid. Cluster V was characterized by high protein, phytic acid, TSS, and phenol content and low starch content, and cluster VI had a high amount of amylose and low phenol content. Some nutri-dense accessions were identified from the above-mentioned clusters, such as EC169879 and IC201086 with high protein (>27%), TSS, amylose, and TDF content. These compositions are promising to provide practical support for developing high-value food and feed varieties using effective breeding strategies with a higher economic value. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:06:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1e814cb620724ed7b676ba5a23a8f8e7 |
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| issn | 2571-581X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:06:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e814cb620724ed7b676ba5a23a8f8e72022-12-22T01:55:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2022-05-01610.3389/fsufs.2022.888041888041Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense AccessionsSiddhant Ranjan Padhi0Arti Bartwal1Racheal John2Kuldeep Tripathi3Kavita Gupta4Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede5Gyan Prakash Mishra6Sanjeev Kumar7Sunil Archak8Rakesh Bhardwaj9ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaA total of 120 highly diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes, including indigenous and exotic lines, were evaluated for different biochemical traits using AOAC official methods of analysis and other standard methods. The results exhibited wide variability in the content of proteins (ranging from 19.4 to 27.9%), starch (from 27.5 to 42.7 g 100 g−1), amylose (from 9.65 to 21.7 g 100 g−1), TDF (from 13.7 to 21.1 g 100 g−1), and TSS (from 1.30 to 8.73 g 100 g−1). The concentration of anti-nutritional compounds like phenols and phytic acid ranged from 0.026 to 0.832 g 100 g−1 and 0.690 to 1.88 g 100 g−1, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the traits was calculated to understand the inter-trait relationship. Multivariate analysis (PCA and HCA) was performed to identify the major traits contributing to variability and group accessions with a similar profile. The first three principal components, i.e., PC1, PC2, and PC3, contributed to 62.7% of the variation, where maximum loadings were from starch, followed by protein, phytic acid, and dietary fiber. HCA formed six distinct clusters at a squared Euclidean distance of 5. Accessions in cluster I had high TDF and low TSS content, while cluster II was characterized by low amylose content. Accessions in cluster III had high starch, low protein, and phytic acid, whereas accessions in cluster IV contained high TSS, phenol, and low phytic acid. Cluster V was characterized by high protein, phytic acid, TSS, and phenol content and low starch content, and cluster VI had a high amount of amylose and low phenol content. Some nutri-dense accessions were identified from the above-mentioned clusters, such as EC169879 and IC201086 with high protein (>27%), TSS, amylose, and TDF content. These compositions are promising to provide practical support for developing high-value food and feed varieties using effective breeding strategies with a higher economic value.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.888041/fulllegumesnutritional profilingdiversityHCAPCANIRS assisted sample selection |
| spellingShingle | Siddhant Ranjan Padhi Arti Bartwal Racheal John Kuldeep Tripathi Kavita Gupta Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede Gyan Prakash Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Sunil Archak Rakesh Bhardwaj Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems legumes nutritional profiling diversity HCA PCA NIRS assisted sample selection |
| title | Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions |
| title_full | Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions |
| title_short | Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions |
| title_sort | evaluation and multivariate analysis of cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp germplasm for selected nutrients mining for nutri dense accessions |
| topic | legumes nutritional profiling diversity HCA PCA NIRS assisted sample selection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.888041/full |
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