Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin
The availability of sensitive analytical methods to detect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food of animal origin is fundamental for monitoring programs to collect data useful for improving risk assessment strategies. The present study aimed to develop and validate a fast and sensitive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7899 |
| _version_ | 1797464406221651968 |
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| author | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Gloria Zonta Roberto Angeletti Francesca Lega |
| author_facet | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Gloria Zonta Roberto Angeletti Francesca Lega |
| author_sort | Federica Gallocchio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The availability of sensitive analytical methods to detect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food of animal origin is fundamental for monitoring programs to collect data useful for improving risk assessment strategies. The present study aimed to develop and validate a fast and sensitive method for determining short and long-chain PFASs in meat (bovine, fish, and swine muscle), bovine liver, hen eggs, and cow’s milk to be easily applicable in routine analysis of food. A QuEChERS extraction and clean-up method in combination with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) were used. The method resulted in good linearity (Pearson’s R > 0.99), low limits of detection (7.78–16.35 ng/kg, 8.26–34.01 ng/kg, 6.70–33.65 ng/kg, and 5.92–19.07 ng/kg for milk, liver, egg, and muscle, respectively), and appropriate limits of quantification (50 ng/kg for all compounds except for GenX and C6O4, where the limits of quantification were 100 ng/kg). Trueness and precision for all the tested levels met the acceptability criteria of 80–120% and ≤20%, respectively, regardless of the analyzed matrix. As to measurement uncertainty, it was <50% for all compound/matrix combinations. These results demonstrate the selectivity and sensitivity of the method for simultaneous trace detection and quantification of 14 PFASs in foods of animal origin, verified through the analysis of 63 food samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e86b4b129e2461da5662f08114fccc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e86b4b129e2461da5662f08114fccc92023-11-24T09:22:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012722789910.3390/molecules27227899Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal OriginFederica Gallocchio0Alessandra Moressa1Gloria Zonta2Roberto Angeletti3Francesca Lega4Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Chimica, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Chimica, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Chimica, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Chimica, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Chimica, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, ItalyThe availability of sensitive analytical methods to detect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food of animal origin is fundamental for monitoring programs to collect data useful for improving risk assessment strategies. The present study aimed to develop and validate a fast and sensitive method for determining short and long-chain PFASs in meat (bovine, fish, and swine muscle), bovine liver, hen eggs, and cow’s milk to be easily applicable in routine analysis of food. A QuEChERS extraction and clean-up method in combination with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) were used. The method resulted in good linearity (Pearson’s R > 0.99), low limits of detection (7.78–16.35 ng/kg, 8.26–34.01 ng/kg, 6.70–33.65 ng/kg, and 5.92–19.07 ng/kg for milk, liver, egg, and muscle, respectively), and appropriate limits of quantification (50 ng/kg for all compounds except for GenX and C6O4, where the limits of quantification were 100 ng/kg). Trueness and precision for all the tested levels met the acceptability criteria of 80–120% and ≤20%, respectively, regardless of the analyzed matrix. As to measurement uncertainty, it was <50% for all compound/matrix combinations. These results demonstrate the selectivity and sensitivity of the method for simultaneous trace detection and quantification of 14 PFASs in foods of animal origin, verified through the analysis of 63 food samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7899PFASGenXC6O4food of animal originQuEChERSLC-MSMS |
| spellingShingle | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Gloria Zonta Roberto Angeletti Francesca Lega Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin Molecules PFAS GenX C6O4 food of animal origin QuEChERS LC-MSMS |
| title | Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin |
| title_full | Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin |
| title_fullStr | Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin |
| title_short | Fast and Sensitive Analysis of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods of Animal Origin |
| title_sort | fast and sensitive analysis of short and long chain perfluoroalkyl substances in foods of animal origin |
| topic | PFAS GenX C6O4 food of animal origin QuEChERS LC-MSMS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7899 |
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