Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy
Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous and rare group of tumors. Immune cells, soluble factors, and immune checkpoints are key elements of the complex tumor microenvironment. Monitoring these elements could be used to predict the outcome of the disease, the response to therapy, and lead to t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/15/3885 |
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| author | Luana Madalena Sousa Jani Sofia Almeida Tânia Fortes-Andrade Manuel Santos-Rosa Paulo Freitas-Tavares José Manuel Casanova Paulo Rodrigues-Santos |
| author_facet | Luana Madalena Sousa Jani Sofia Almeida Tânia Fortes-Andrade Manuel Santos-Rosa Paulo Freitas-Tavares José Manuel Casanova Paulo Rodrigues-Santos |
| author_sort | Luana Madalena Sousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous and rare group of tumors. Immune cells, soluble factors, and immune checkpoints are key elements of the complex tumor microenvironment. Monitoring these elements could be used to predict the outcome of the disease, the response to therapy, and lead to the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches. Tumor-infiltrating B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and dendritic cells (DCs) were associated with a better outcome. On the contrary, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were correlated with a poor outcome. The evaluation of peripheral blood immunological status in STS could also be important and is still underexplored. The increased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher levels of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), and Tim-3 positive CD8 T cells appear to be negative prognostic markers. Meanwhile, NKG2D-positive CD8 T cells were correlated with a better outcome. Some soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune checkpoints were associated with the prognosis. Similarly, the expression of immune-related genes in STS was also reviewed. Despite these efforts, only very little is known, and much research is still needed to clarify the role of the immune system in STS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:16:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e969903b301437a981615a70f577384 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e969903b301437a981615a70f5773842023-11-22T05:29:27ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-08-011315388510.3390/cancers13153885Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for ImmunotherapyLuana Madalena Sousa0Jani Sofia Almeida1Tânia Fortes-Andrade2Manuel Santos-Rosa3Paulo Freitas-Tavares4José Manuel Casanova5Paulo Rodrigues-Santos6Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, PortugalInstitute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, PortugalLaboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, PortugalInstitute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, PortugalCenter of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalLaboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, PortugalSoft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous and rare group of tumors. Immune cells, soluble factors, and immune checkpoints are key elements of the complex tumor microenvironment. Monitoring these elements could be used to predict the outcome of the disease, the response to therapy, and lead to the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches. Tumor-infiltrating B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and dendritic cells (DCs) were associated with a better outcome. On the contrary, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were correlated with a poor outcome. The evaluation of peripheral blood immunological status in STS could also be important and is still underexplored. The increased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher levels of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), and Tim-3 positive CD8 T cells appear to be negative prognostic markers. Meanwhile, NKG2D-positive CD8 T cells were correlated with a better outcome. Some soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune checkpoints were associated with the prognosis. Similarly, the expression of immune-related genes in STS was also reviewed. Despite these efforts, only very little is known, and much research is still needed to clarify the role of the immune system in STS.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/15/3885soft tissue sarcomaimmune monitoringimmunophenotypingcytokinesimmune checkpointsgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Luana Madalena Sousa Jani Sofia Almeida Tânia Fortes-Andrade Manuel Santos-Rosa Paulo Freitas-Tavares José Manuel Casanova Paulo Rodrigues-Santos Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy Cancers soft tissue sarcoma immune monitoring immunophenotyping cytokines immune checkpoints gene expression |
| title | Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Tumor and Peripheral Immune Status in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Implications for Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | tumor and peripheral immune status in soft tissue sarcoma implications for immunotherapy |
| topic | soft tissue sarcoma immune monitoring immunophenotyping cytokines immune checkpoints gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/15/3885 |
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