Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders
IntroductionDeficits in theory of mind (ToM)—the ability to infer the mental states of others—have been linked to antagonistic traits in community samples. ToM deficits have also been identified in people with personality disorders (PD), although with conflicting evidence, partly due to the use of c...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292680/full |
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| author | Mireille Lampron Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Dominick Gamache Dominick Gamache Allyson Bernier Stéphane Sabourin Claudia Savard Claudia Savard |
| author_facet | Mireille Lampron Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Dominick Gamache Dominick Gamache Allyson Bernier Stéphane Sabourin Claudia Savard Claudia Savard |
| author_sort | Mireille Lampron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionDeficits in theory of mind (ToM)—the ability to infer the mental states of others—have been linked to antagonistic traits in community samples. ToM deficits have also been identified in people with personality disorders (PD), although with conflicting evidence, partly due to the use of categorical diagnoses. The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) provides an opportunity for a more precise understanding of the interplay between ToM abilities and personality pathology. Therefore, the study aims to determine whether and how individuals with diverse ToM profiles differ regarding personality impairment (AMPD Criterion A) and pathological facets (AMPD Criterion B).MethodAdults with PD (n = 39) and from the community (n = 42) completed tests assessing ToM skills and self-reported questionnaires assessing AMPD Criteria A and B. Hierarchical agglomerative and TwoStep cluster analyses were consecutively computed using scores and subscores from ToM tests as clustering variables. Multivariate analyses of variance were subsequently performed to compare the clusters on both AMPD Criteria. Five clinically and conceptually meaningful clusters were found. The most notable differences across clusters were observed for Intimacy and Empathy dysfunctions (Criterion A), as well as for the Deceitfulness, Callousness, and Hostility facets from the Antagonism domain and the Restricted affectivity facet from the Detachment domain (Criterion B).DiscussionThe results support the association between antagonistic personality facets and ToM deficits. However, clusters showing impairments in ToM abilities did not necessarily exhibit high levels of personality dysfunction or pathological facets, emphasizing that both constructs are not isomorphic. Nevertheless, specific profiles can help refine existing interventions to make them more sensitive and specific to the nature of ToM dysfunctions while considering personality functioning and facets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:44:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1e9afe8c09e94c4980adc8913b18a0ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:44:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e9afe8c09e94c4980adc8913b18a0ca2024-01-11T10:27:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-01-011410.3389/fpsyt.2023.12926801292680Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disordersMireille Lampron0Amélie M. Achim1Amélie M. Achim2Amélie M. Achim3Dominick Gamache4Dominick Gamache5Allyson Bernier6Stéphane Sabourin7Claudia Savard8Claudia Savard9School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaCERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaVITAM – Centre de recherche en santé durable, Québec City, QC, CanadaCERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec City, QC, CanadaSchool of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaSchool of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaCERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaIntroductionDeficits in theory of mind (ToM)—the ability to infer the mental states of others—have been linked to antagonistic traits in community samples. ToM deficits have also been identified in people with personality disorders (PD), although with conflicting evidence, partly due to the use of categorical diagnoses. The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) provides an opportunity for a more precise understanding of the interplay between ToM abilities and personality pathology. Therefore, the study aims to determine whether and how individuals with diverse ToM profiles differ regarding personality impairment (AMPD Criterion A) and pathological facets (AMPD Criterion B).MethodAdults with PD (n = 39) and from the community (n = 42) completed tests assessing ToM skills and self-reported questionnaires assessing AMPD Criteria A and B. Hierarchical agglomerative and TwoStep cluster analyses were consecutively computed using scores and subscores from ToM tests as clustering variables. Multivariate analyses of variance were subsequently performed to compare the clusters on both AMPD Criteria. Five clinically and conceptually meaningful clusters were found. The most notable differences across clusters were observed for Intimacy and Empathy dysfunctions (Criterion A), as well as for the Deceitfulness, Callousness, and Hostility facets from the Antagonism domain and the Restricted affectivity facet from the Detachment domain (Criterion B).DiscussionThe results support the association between antagonistic personality facets and ToM deficits. However, clusters showing impairments in ToM abilities did not necessarily exhibit high levels of personality dysfunction or pathological facets, emphasizing that both constructs are not isomorphic. Nevertheless, specific profiles can help refine existing interventions to make them more sensitive and specific to the nature of ToM dysfunctions while considering personality functioning and facets.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292680/fulltheory of mindpersonality disordersDSM-5 alternative model for personality disorderspersonality functioningpersonality traits |
| spellingShingle | Mireille Lampron Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Amélie M. Achim Dominick Gamache Dominick Gamache Allyson Bernier Stéphane Sabourin Claudia Savard Claudia Savard Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders Frontiers in Psychiatry theory of mind personality disorders DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders personality functioning personality traits |
| title | Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders |
| title_full | Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders |
| title_fullStr | Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders |
| title_short | Profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples: integrating the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders |
| title_sort | profiles of theory of mind impairments and personality in clinical and community samples integrating the alternative dsm 5 model for personality disorders |
| topic | theory of mind personality disorders DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders personality functioning personality traits |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292680/full |
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