Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption
<p>Near-term in-plume ozone depletion was observed for about 10 d by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) right after the January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption. This work analyzes the dynamic and chemical causes of this ozone depletion. The results show that the large wa...
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| Format: | Article |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13355/2023/acp-23-13355-2023.pdf |
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| author | Y. Zhu Y. Zhu Y. Zhu R. W. Portmann D. Kinnison O. B. Toon O. B. Toon L. Millán J. Zhang H. Vömel S. Tilmes C. G. Bardeen X. Wang S. Evan W. J. Randel K. H. Rosenlof |
| author_facet | Y. Zhu Y. Zhu Y. Zhu R. W. Portmann D. Kinnison O. B. Toon O. B. Toon L. Millán J. Zhang H. Vömel S. Tilmes C. G. Bardeen X. Wang S. Evan W. J. Randel K. H. Rosenlof |
| author_sort | Y. Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Near-term in-plume ozone depletion was observed for about 10 d by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) right after the January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption. This work analyzes the dynamic and chemical causes of this ozone depletion. The results show that the large water injection (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 150 Tg) from the HTHH eruption, with <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.0013 Tg injection of ClO (or <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.0009 Tg of HCl), causes ozone loss due to strongly enhanced HO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> and ClO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> cycles and their interactions. Aside from the gas-phase chemistry, the heterogeneous reaction rate for HOCl <span class="inline-formula">+</span> HCl <span class="inline-formula">→</span> Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula">+</span> H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O increases to 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>4</sup></span> cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and is a major cause of chlorine activation, making this event unique compared with the springtime polar ozone depletion where HCl <span class="inline-formula">+</span> ClONO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is more important. The large water injection causes relative humidity over ice to increase to 70 %–100 %, decreases the H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="62d2c8208bbdf49afb8db19c9f7b6b50"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-13355-2023-ie00001.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="acp-23-13355-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O binary solution weight percent to 35 % compared with the 70 % ambient value, and decreases the plume temperature by 2–6 K. These changes lead to high heterogeneous reaction rates. Plume lofting of ozone-poor air is evident during the first 2 d after the eruption, but ozone concentrations quickly recover because its chemical lifetime is short at 20 hPa. With such a large seawater injection, we expect that <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 5 Tg Cl was lifted into the stratosphere by the HTHH eruption in the form of NaCl, but only <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.02 % of that remained as active chlorine in the stratosphere. Lightning NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> changes are probably not the reason for the HTHH initial in-plume O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> loss.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:37:48Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1e9b71a187a14417b1400564363f0534 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:37:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e9b71a187a14417b1400564363f05342023-10-23T11:53:11ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-10-0123133551336710.5194/acp-23-13355-2023Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruptionY. Zhu0Y. Zhu1Y. Zhu2R. W. Portmann3D. Kinnison4O. B. Toon5O. B. Toon6L. Millán7J. Zhang8H. Vömel9S. Tilmes10C. G. Bardeen11X. Wang12S. Evan13W. J. Randel14K. H. Rosenlof15Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USACooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USALaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USAChemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USALaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAEarth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USALaboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France), Saint-Denis, FranceAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAChemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA<p>Near-term in-plume ozone depletion was observed for about 10 d by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) right after the January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption. This work analyzes the dynamic and chemical causes of this ozone depletion. The results show that the large water injection (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 150 Tg) from the HTHH eruption, with <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.0013 Tg injection of ClO (or <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.0009 Tg of HCl), causes ozone loss due to strongly enhanced HO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> and ClO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> cycles and their interactions. Aside from the gas-phase chemistry, the heterogeneous reaction rate for HOCl <span class="inline-formula">+</span> HCl <span class="inline-formula">→</span> Cl<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula">+</span> H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O increases to 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>4</sup></span> cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and is a major cause of chlorine activation, making this event unique compared with the springtime polar ozone depletion where HCl <span class="inline-formula">+</span> ClONO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is more important. The large water injection causes relative humidity over ice to increase to 70 %–100 %, decreases the H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="62d2c8208bbdf49afb8db19c9f7b6b50"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-13355-2023-ie00001.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="acp-23-13355-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O binary solution weight percent to 35 % compared with the 70 % ambient value, and decreases the plume temperature by 2–6 K. These changes lead to high heterogeneous reaction rates. Plume lofting of ozone-poor air is evident during the first 2 d after the eruption, but ozone concentrations quickly recover because its chemical lifetime is short at 20 hPa. With such a large seawater injection, we expect that <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 5 Tg Cl was lifted into the stratosphere by the HTHH eruption in the form of NaCl, but only <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0.02 % of that remained as active chlorine in the stratosphere. Lightning NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> changes are probably not the reason for the HTHH initial in-plume O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> loss.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13355/2023/acp-23-13355-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Zhu Y. Zhu Y. Zhu R. W. Portmann D. Kinnison O. B. Toon O. B. Toon L. Millán J. Zhang H. Vömel S. Tilmes C. G. Bardeen X. Wang S. Evan W. J. Randel K. H. Rosenlof Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption |
| title_full | Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption |
| title_fullStr | Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption |
| title_short | Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption |
| title_sort | stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 hunga tonga eruption |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13355/2023/acp-23-13355-2023.pdf |
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